Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2018 in |
Introduction: The practice of emergency medicine has the primary mission of evaluating, managing and providing treatment to patients with unexpected injury or illness. The emergency department of a tertiary care unit of a developing country is faced with the problem of heavy patient load and a paucity of human and economic resources. So, this study was conducted with the objective of Studying pattern of drug use, safety, and direct cost of treatment. Material and methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at the Emergency Medicine department of P.D.U Government Medical College, Rajkot over a period of one month. Demographic data, average stay, diagnosis and complete prescription was recorded in case record form. The Cost of individual prescription was calculated. Adverse drug reactions were also recorded. Result: A total of 1939 drugs were used in 200 prescriptions, with an average of 9.69 drugs per prescription. The most common route of administration of drugs was found to be intravenous injection 54.7%. 65.39% drugs were prescribed by a generic name. 95.5% drugs...
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Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2018 in |
The solid dosage form is the easiest method of administering drugs for systemic effect. All dosages forms are made by two main components one is API and second is excipient. Excipient is present in bulk quantity and is required for binding the API. There are mainly two techniques uses for manufacturing the tablets (i) wet granulation (ii) direct compression. Wet granulation is a time consuming process, and direct compression technique is time saving, cheap and convenient for pharmaceutical industries. In direct Compression technique, microcrystalline cellulose powder properties are very versatile. There are many processes used for drying of MCC. Out of these, we evaluated MCC with three different type of drying process i.e. Spray dried (SPD), spin flash dried (SFD) and bulk dried. Different drying methods do not change the chemical parameters of microcrystalline cellulose, only difference being the physical attributes of the MCC powder, it’s morphology and it’s consequents flow properties which directly effect the tablet properties i.e. compaction, hardness and in-vitro disintegration among...
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Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2018 in |
Objective: To attenuates hyperglycemia-mediated oxidative stress and protects liver marker enzymes in Swiss albino mice. Material and methods: Hyperglycemia was induced in mice by single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (150 mg/kg body weight). Three days after alloxan induction, the hyperglycemic mice were treated with Azadirachta indica orally at the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight daily for 28 days. Serum biochemical parameters such as serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), billirubin, glucose were estimated. Antioxidant properties were assessed by estimating lipid peroxidation, SOD and catalase (CAT). Results and discussion: Azadirachta indica at the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg orally significantly (P < 0.001) and dose-dependently reduced and normalized blood glucose levels as compared with that of alloxan control group. Serum biochemical parameters were significantly (P< 0.001) restored toward normal levels in Azadirachta indica treated mice as compared with alloxan control. Azadirachta indica treatment also significantly (P <0.001) decreased lipid peroxidation and recovered SOD level and CAT activity toward normal...
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Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2018 in |
The analgesic activity was assessed using hot plate method, formalin induced paw licking test, acetic acid induced writhing test. Preliminary investigations were carried out with water, DMSO and chloroform for solubility. For analgesic activity 1, 2, 3- triazine-4-ones series of compounds CP1, CP2, CP3 showed significant increase in jumping time of mice in hot plate method at only higher dose level (50 mg/kg). In acetic acid induced writhing test in mice at higher dose levels CP1, CP2, CP3, (50 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the number of writhing in mice. 1, 2, 3-triazine-4-ones series of compounds CP1, CP2, CP3 at (25 and 50 mg/kg) significantly inhibited formalin induced paw licking at both early and late phases. These results indicate that compound possessed both central and peripheral analgesic actions. It was found that the CP1, CP2, CP3 compounds shown good analgesic activity in formalin induced paw licking test at both dose levels (25 and 50 mg/kg) but in other two model hot plate method and acetic acid induced writhing model; shown good...
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Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2018 in |
The MAP kinase phosphatases regulate the magnitude and kinetics of MAP kinase signalling within the cell and as a consequence cell cycle progression and division. Therefore, these enzymes have been implicated in the regulation of number of disease conditions. One member of this family, MKP-2, has been linked to cancers of the breast and prostate. However, in human cells correlating changes in MKP-2 expression and effects upon ERK signalling, the main substrate for MKP-2 has been difficult, due to lack of convincing cellular analysis. Therefore, we utilized a novel lentivirus shRNA MKP-2 construct (L.001) to examine the consequences of knockdown on the regulation of ERK MAP kinase signalling. Infection of LNCaP AI cells with lentivirus shRNA MKP-2 reduced endogenous MKP-2 mRNA by approximately 80% in LNCaP cells. Immunofluorescent GFP labelling revealed strong cellular expression of MKP-2, approximately 70% of the cells were infected. MKP-2 knockdown reduced adenoviral induced hMKP-2 expression by approximately 50%. Both EGF and FCS induced strong but transient activation of ERK phosphorylation in LNCaP (AI), EGF...
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