Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2018 in |
Objective: Nature has given ginormous resources to mankind since time immemorial. Amidst of various natural sources, products from plant origin endure more of commercial importance. Gums and resins are plant based reserves occupying a prime place among Non-Wood Forest Produce (NWFP). It is a most challenging aspect to isolate and characterise eco rich gums and resins from trees which can be widely used as a pharmaceutical aid in design of drug delivery system. Norfolk pine (Araucaria heterophylla) is an ornamental tree available abundantly in tropical and subtropical regions. Gum was obtained by extraction from the bark exudates of the tree. Method: The aim of the present study was to extract and characterise the gum obtained from Araucaria heterophylla. Phytochemical and physiochemical characteristics such as solubility, melting point, loss on drying, ash value, pH, swelling capacity, viscosity, particle size, shape and surface morphology, crystalline nature, flow property, bulk density, microbial contamination and in-vitro cytotoxic effect were determined. Results: Phytochemical evaluation showed the presence of reducing sugars and polysaccharides. The results...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2018 in |
Chemical composition and biological activities of the essential oil of Detarium microcarpum leaves were assessed in vitro. The essential oil was obtained using a Clevenger type apparatus and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The essential oil was investigated for antioxidant power using the DPPH radical scavenging method and the FRAP test. Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was also evaluated by agar disk diffusion and broth micro dilution methods. Chemical analysis showed that the major components of the essential oil of D. microcarpum were caryophyllene oxide (28.186%), β-caryophyllene (11.894%), humulene-1, 2-epoxide (4.05%), neryl acetone (2.452%), salvia-4(14)-ene-1-one (2.423%) and linalol (2.098%). The essential oil showed a low radical scavenging power with an IC50 of 21.99 ± 0.17 µl and a weak reducing power. The essential oil exhibited strong to moderate antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, Enterococcus faecalis, Listeria monocytogenes, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus, Candida kefir and Saccharomyces cerevisiae with inhibition zone diameters ranging from 12 ± 0.00 mm to 22 ± 1.41 mm. Minimum inhibitory...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2018 in |
A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrophotometric (LC–MS/MS) method was developed for quantification of Afatinib in rabit plasma employing Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) technique. Developed method was validated for specificity, precision, accuracy, recovery, and stability characteristics. Chromatographic separation was achieved on Gemini, 5µ C18, 50 × 4.60 mm with 30:70 v/v of 10 mM ammonium acetate in water: Organic Mixture (methanol : acetonitrile, 80:20% v/v) as an isocratic mobile phase with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. the developed LC-MS method was applied to assess pharmacokinetics parameters of afatinib (20 mg) tablet in healthy rabbits. Six Male albino rabbits weighing 2.0 – 2.5 kg were randomly selected for the pharmacokinetic study. The tablets were administered to rabbits using a balling gun. Blood samples (0.6 ml) were withdrawn from the marginal ear vein before dosing (zero time) and at time intervals of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 20, 24, 36 and 48 hr after administration. Plasma was separated by centrifugation at 5000 rpm for...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2018 in |
Single cell protein is a protein extracted from cultured algae, yeasts, or bacteria and used as a substitute for protein-rich foods, especially in animal feeds or as dietary supplements. Many types of animal feeds contain single cell proteins. It can also be called biomass, bioprotein or microbial protein. The word single cell protein which was coined in the 1960 is considered to be appropriate since most of the microorganisms grow as single or filamentous individuals. Besides its high protein content (about 60 – 82% of dry cell weight), single cell protein also contains fats, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, Vitamins and minerals. According to various investigations on the fermentations of fruit juices, it has been reported that they could be used as feed-stocks for the production of single cell protein (SCP) based on their level of sugar and ability to support the growth of yeasts. Single cell proteins thus, are the dried cells of microorganisms such as yeast that could be grown in large-scale culture systems for use as protein for...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2018 in |
Although NVP-BEZ235 and XAV-939 have been shown a promising result in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC), our data is little with regard to the effect of environmental cytokine on this drugs. In order to explore the reaction of CRC to this novel therapy, the current study proposes to investigate the inhibitory effect of NVP-BEZ235 and/or XAV-939 in CRC cells in combination with TGF-β as a tumor environmental cytokine to analyze their effect on cancer cell proliferation, cell death and expression of cancer promoting genes. The cells were treated with single or combination of NVP-BEZ235, XAV-939 and TGF-β. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay. Flow cytometry method was used to determine cellular death. Real-time PCR was utilized to identify the effect of treatments on expression of snail, slug, C-myc and notch1 genes. The results revealed that NVP-BEZ235 inhibited CRC cells proliferation and induced senescence cells more than XAV-939. Although, XAV-939 increased cellular death and inhibited senescence induction of CRC cells better than NVP-BEZ235. TGF-β pretreatment sensitizes CRC cells...
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