Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2017 in |
Raw milk may contain pathogenic microorganisms, probably harmful to humans inclusive of Escherichia coli O157:H7 inflicting hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Raw milk is believed to be a high risk food as it is highly nutritious and results in growth and multiplication of different microorganisms. E. coli O157:H7 infect humans by different mode of transmission. Present study was performed to estimate the prevalence and the molecular characterization of E. coli O157:H7 retrieved from retail raw milk samples in Quetta Pakistan. Out of 100 raw milk samples, 12 (12%) possess positive colorless colonies on CT-SMAC. Biochemical tests for the confirmation of E. coli O157:H7 alongside gram’s staining of the colonies had been accomplished. The amplification of isolates by mPCR using universal specific primers, stx1 and stx2 confirmed that 6 (50%), 3 (25%) and 3(25%) were positive for stx1, stx2 and both stx1 and stx2 genes respectively. It is concluded that raw milk harbor E. coli O157:H7, having shiga toxin...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2017 in |
Mucuna pruriens is a climbing legume used in the treatment of various ailments. It is commonly known as Cowitch or velvet bean. Traditionally, it was used in treating male infertility. The main aim of this study was to identify the bioactive materials present in the methanol extract of Mucuna pruriens seeds by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. The analysis by GC-MS reveals the presence 5 major compounds namely, Pentadecanoic acid, 14-methyl-, methyl ester, Dodecanoic acid, 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, methyl ester, 9,12- Octadecadienoic acid and 2-Myristynoyl-glycinamide. By comparing with the references of earlier studies, it was clear that these major compounds played a major role in its neuroprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, hepatoprotective, and antimicrobial effects. The presence of antioxidants has been linked with neurogenesis in the brain. The presence of these compounds may authenticate the scientific evidences of many of its proposed therapeutic potentiality of the seeds of Mucuna pruriens...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2017 in |
The objective of the present work is to study the antifungal activity of gall extracts of Quercus infectoria (Q. infectoria) (Family: Fagaceae). The plant commonly known as gall oak, is a small shrub found in Greece, Asia Minor and Iran. The gall of Quercus infectoria macroscopically, is globose with horny appearances on external surface (1-1.5 cm in diameter) giving rough touch, greyish-brown to brownish-black in colour externally with unpleasant odour. The galls of Quercus infectoria have been pharmacologically documented to possess astringent, antidiabetic, antitremorine, local anaesthetic, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory activities. The powder of Quercus infectoria gall was subjected to extraction with Chloroform, Ethanol, Acetone, Ethyl acetate and Water using soxhlet extractor. The extracts after preliminary phytochemical investigation had shown the presence of Carbohydrates and Tannins. The antifungal activity was performed by agar cup plate method against two fungi, Penicillium sps and Aspergillus sps. The zone of inhibitions were compared with standard antifungal drug clotrimazole. The chloroform extract exhibited good anti-fungal activity as compared to other extracts....
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2017 in |
A simple, sensitive and stability indicating reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography method (RP-HPLC) was developed and validated for the estimation of Lapatinib and its related substances in bulk and finished dosage forms. The newly developed method was assessed using Zorbax Eclipse C18 (3.5 µm, 100 × 4.6 mm) HPLC column with pH- 4.5 ammonium formate buffer and acetonitrile as mobile phase in gradient elution mode with a run time of 35 minutes. UV detection was carried out at a wavelength of 261 nm with an injection volume of 5 µL. The developed method was validated as per the ICH guidelines with respect to precision, accuracy, linearity, robustness, specificity and system suitability. Lapatinib samples were exposed to thermal, photolytic, acidic, basic and oxidative stress conditions. The stressed samples were analyzed by the developed method to establish the stability indicating power of the method. The LOD values were 0.009, 0.012 and 0.011 µg/ml and the LOQ values were 0.027, 0.035 and 0.0304 µg/ml respectively for impurity-1, impurity-2 and impurity-3 of...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2017 in |
Hypertension is one of the major public health challenges worldwide. Amlodipine, a calcium channel blockers (CCBs), is among the first line antihypertensive drugs used commonly. Amlodipine reduces blood pressure by its vasodilatory action and its adverse drug reactions (ADRs) such as ankle edema, headache and flushing are related with its vasodilatory action. This study is conducted to find the incidence of ankle edema in patients of mild to moderate hypertension treated with Amlodipine 10 mg. A total of 64 informed consented patients, fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria were involved in the study. Follow-up visits were performed after four weeks and eight weeks. At each visit, complete clinical examination was carried out, including a recording of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP). Safety was assessed in terms of both subjective and objective systemic adverse-effects. In the present study, significant reduction of mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) and mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was seen. Commonly seen adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were ankle edema, constipation, headache and fatigue. The association of...
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