Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2017 in |
Metronidazole is a class I drug in biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS) and widely used in Pakistan, various available brands in local markets along with innovator brand to serve a large population. In-vitro dissolution testing can be used as waiver for in-vivo bioequivalence studies of generic brand interchangeability for Class I drugs i.e., highly soluble and highly permeable. The objective of the study was to determine immediate release tablet dosage form of metronidazole to fulfil the requirements of 85% drug release in pH 1.2, 4.5 and 6.8 recommended by WHO. In this study physicochemical quality attributes, price comparison and dissolution studies were performed on three available brands of metronidazole 400 mg, one of them is innovator brand and the two others are test brands. The dissolution profiles were compared by using similarity factor (f2) that were analyzed by UV spectrophotometer at 278 nm wavelength. The test brands were very cheap in cost as compared to innovator brand but both the test brand were failed the dissolution test in all mediums...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2017 in |
An approach to determine the relationship between independent process variables and their two level four factor partial factorial design was adopted, composite of experiment design was applied to optimize a tablet formulation of Tetrabenazine (TBZ) Tablets 25mg containing high percentage of Lactose Anhydrous, Sodium starch Glycolate, Magnesium Stearate and Starch / Lactose Ratio. The particle size distribution of Lactose Anhydrous is used as dependent variable and Sodium starch Glycolate, Magnesium Stearate and Starch / Lactose Ratio were used as independent variables for optimizing some tablets response parameters. Response parameters for final TBZ Tablets were percentage of TBZ dissolve at thirty minutes. Design of Experiments (DOE) is an organized effect on the response variable. 24 partial factorial designs were applied in this research work. The models were validated for accurate prediction of response characteristics and use to identify the optimum formulation. The results that an optimum TBZ 25mg tablets having a volume similar to commercial products can be produced by dry granulation process utilizing Lactose...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2017 in |
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the principal causes of death in the world. DM causes many diseases with different pathogenesis disturbing glucose, protein and lipid metabolism. The primary characteristic is elevated glucose, blood level, which may be due to deficiency in the secretion of insulin and / act. Fenugreek oil is covered to recover glucose levels, intolerance, and insulin sensitivity as compared to the diabetic group. It is claimed that there is less damage of β-cell of pancreatic islet after dosing of fenugreek oil in diabetic rats. The objective of the study was to formulate a nano formulation of fenugreek oil, so as to enhance the effectiveness of fenugreek oil in treating induced diabetes by intraperitoneal (IP) injection of streptozocin (45 mg / kg) in Wistar albino rats, since nano formulation is claimed to enhance the bioavailability of bioactive compounds. A nano-emulsion was developed by adopting emulsion phase inversion and emulsion titration technique. The nano-emulsion with droplet size with less than 100 nm in diameter was stabilized by...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2017 in |
Perinatal hypoxia results in poor circulation in internal organs, causing damage to the intestinal mucosa. Here, we aimed to evaluate the role of endothelial vasoconstrictor function in the formation of the intestinal mucous barrier in low-birth-weight neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). We comparatively analysed the concentrations of specific intestinal protective markers, i.e., serum mucin 2 (MUC2), serum intestinal trefoil factor (ITF), and faecal human β-defensin 2 (HBD2), and a marker of endothelial activity, i.e., serum endothelin-1 (ET-1), in early of postnatal life in 8 infants with moderate/severe HIE (group 1), 14 neonates with mild HIE (group 2), and 20 control infants using standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Markers of intestinal mucosa activity were not differentially expressed between infants in groups 1 and 2. Mean total concentrations of ITF and HBD2 were higher in groups 1 and 2 than in the control group (p < 0.05). In contrast, MUC2 concentrations were lower in infants of groups 1 and 2 than in the control infants. ET-1 expression was higher in group 2...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2017 in |
Aim: To evaluate the antihypertensive effect of ethanolic extract of seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris Linn. (EEPV) on high salt diet induced hypertension in male rats. Methods: Male wistar rats (180-200g) received high salt diet (8% NaCl) and 1% saline water for 6 weeks, then cannulated for dosing of Enalapril, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (0.5 mg/kg, i.v.) in standard group and EEPV (50 and 100 mg/kg, i.v.) in test group and measured mean blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate with the help of Power Lab 6 Pro after 60 minutes of treatment. Results: Elevated blood pressure of the animals was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased by EEPV (100 mg/kg, i.v). Enalapril, at the dose of 0.5 mg/kg, i.v. showed significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the elevated blood pressure. The antihypertensive activity of ethanolic extract of seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris Linn. may be due to the action on rennin-angiotensin system. The antihypertensive activity of EEPV might also be explained by the presence of phytochemical constituents...
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