Posted by admin on Apr 30, 2017 in |
Midazolam is used as short-acting pre-anesthetic benzodiazepine with solubility of <0.1mg/mL at neutral-pH, which increases considerably in acidic media. Midazolam commercial acidic aqueous parenteral formulation (pH~3.3) causes pain and inflammation at administration site, which induces low patient-compliance. According to the absence of non-parenteral formulation, available parenteral dosage-form administered orally that showed bitter-taste with low bioavailability. Alternatively, intranasally administration was rapidly absorbed, with improved bioavailability. However, not only causes nasal mucosa irritation due to acidic media, but also needs large solution amount because of midazolam low solubility. On contrary of previous studies, which focused on solubility improvement in acidic pH, the aim of this study is to compare solubility enhancement techniques at nasal physiological pH (6). Different techniques evaluated including buffer solutions (Britton-Robinson, citrate and phosphate), inclusion-complexation (β-CD), polymeric-micellar-solubilization(HPMC) and co-solvency (PEG400 and P.G) separately in mentioned buffers. Ternary-diagram with the best-selected system examined in different ratios. As a result, phosphate buffer in combination with applied techniques indicated solubility enhancement ratio of 17.9, 22.7, 16.8 and 30.9 for β-CD, HPMC,...
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Posted by admin on Apr 30, 2017 in |
Alzheimer’s disease is a form of dementia, in which nerve cells in memory areas of brain and eventually other areas begin to die at accelerated rate resulting in serious deterioration in several mental functions such as memory loss, language, orientation and judgment. The main objective of the present study was to investigate and compare the neuro-pharmacological effects of Evolvulus alsinoides plant extract on the cholinergic system and Histopathological aspects in AD-induced rat model. Ethanolic extract of Evolvulus alsinoides Linn (EAE) was prepared and administered to rats orally at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight. To evaluate the anti-cholinergic potential of the plant extract, selected regions of the brain viz. Cerebral Cortex, Hippocampus, Pons medulla and cerebellum were used. As a corollary to these, Histopathological experiments only on two selected regions of the brain viz. cerebral cortex and hippocampus were conducted in all groups of rats on 60th day of experimentation in order to assess the extent of cytoarchitectural changes in neurons brought out by AD induction and the...
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Posted by admin on Apr 30, 2017 in |
Introduction: AIDS is one the most dreaded diseases of human race in the present times. More than two- third of HIV infected individuals have an associated infectious pulmonary disease. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is considered as more virulent compared to other opportunistic pathogen causing latent infection. Cure of AIDS is still an unsolved mystery but some of the drugs have been developed to decrease the mortality and morbidity of the disease. These are called as Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART). This work has been conducted in order to know the role of various anti-retroviral regimens in the treatment of patients of Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in terms of changes in CD4 count as well as in CD4/CD8 ratio. Material and Methods: A total of 3078 patients screened for the study. Those who were diagnosed with HIV were enrolled. Pretreatment parameters like Haemogram, CD4, CD8 + lymphocyte count and their ratio etc. were recorded. Patients were divided into four groups and were started with different HAART regimens. Their CD4 count and...
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Posted by admin on Apr 30, 2017 in |
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn a perennial aquatic plant also known as sacred lotus. The Rhizome, flower, seeds and leaves all are edible and have been proved for their medicinal value. Study about its phyto-nutrients in the aerial parts are scanty. In the present study a phytoscreening of aerial parts of Nelumbo nucifera seeds and seed pod was done to assess and compare their phytoconstituents. Total phenolic content in Nelumbo nucifera seed pod was 93.45mg Gallic Acid Equivalents and 10.5mg/g in the seeds, the total flavonoid content was 295.312mg/g Quercetin Equivalents in NN seedpod and 28.125mg/g in the seeds, tannin content is 508.7mg/g Tannin Equivalents in Nelumbo nucifera seedpod and 69.637mg/g in seeds. Gallic acid, Quercetin and Tannin Equivalents were taken as standard for phenol, flavonoid and tannin content respectively. Phytochemical constituents analyzed by Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry analysis of aerial parts Nelumbo nucifera can be used for routine quality control analysis. The data obtained emphasize, the potential of traditional medicine Nelumbo nucifera, whose phytoconstituents form a source of natural...
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Posted by admin on Apr 30, 2017 in |
The present investigation was carried out to study the disintegrant property of Plantago ovata and Ocimum basilicum mucilages. The objective of the work was to develop Fast disintegrating tablets of Ondansetron HCl with a view to enhance patient compliances and dissolution rate by direct compression method using 3² full factorial design. Plantago ovata (2-10% w/w), Ocimum basilicum (4-8%w/w) mucilages were used as natural superdisintegrant and microcrystalline cellulose was used as diluent, along with directly compressible mannitol to enhance mouth feel. The tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, thickness, drug content uniformity, in vitro dispersion time, wetting time and water absorption ratio. Based on in vitro dispersion time (approximately 11 s); the formulation containing 10% w/w Plantago ovata and 8% Ocimum basilicum mucilages were found to be promising and tested for in vitro drug release pattern (in 0.1 N HCl), short-term stability (at 40º/75 % RH for 6 mo) and drug-excipient interaction. Surface response plots are presented to graphically represent the effect of independent variables (concentrations of Plantago ovata and...
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