Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2016 in |
Nanoparticles (NPs) have been extensively studied during the past few decades due to their well-recognised applicability. Thus, the present study was aimed to fabricate Carvedilol (CVD) a β-adrenoceptor antagonist, as NPs aiming towards the optimal physicochemical characteristics and improved solubility. The prepared NPs demonstrated a linear increase in the mean particle size from253 ± 19 to 598 ± 21 nm and entrapment efficiency (%EE) from 58.6% to 91.1%, when drug-to-polymer mass ratio was increased from 1:1 to 1:5. In vitro release studies showed significant variation in the rate and extent of CVD release from polymeric matrix at various pHs of release media (pH 1.2, pH 6.8 and distilled water) and drug-to-polymer mass ratios. The present study highlighted the optimal formulation conditions to fabricate CVD-loaded NPs with best physicochemical characteristics, improved solubility of incorporated drug and explored the prospects of manipulation and optimisation of the NPs for intended...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2016 in |
Most of the drug discovered in past decade belongs to biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) class II. The solubility of these drugs is the limiting factor for oral bioavailability. The drug can be present in solution in a supersaturated state; however, it has a tendency to crystallize out. In this paper, we aim to study the effect of molecular weight of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (PVP K12, PVP K29 and PVP K90) and Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) (HPMC E5, HPMC E15 and HPMC E50) as potential antiprecipitant on weakly acidic drug-Indomethacin (INDO). Supersaturation assay was carried out by solvent shift and solvent casting method. These are non-formulated methods and to access their ability to generate supersaturation, spray dried solid dispersions (SD) were prepared. Supersaturation assay revealed that the ability to generate and maintain the supersaturation are concentration dependent for PVP. As the molecular weight increases the supersaturation produced is increased in PVP and decreased for HPMC polymers. On stability, PVP solvent casts are affected the most. SD were prepared and found out...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2016 in |
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a multi-factorial disorder with insulin resistance as a major characteristic. Adiponectin, an adipocyte derived cytokine, can regulate glucose levels and lipid homeostasis by its insulin sensitizer properties. Low circulating levels of serum adiponectin has been reported as a risk factor for the development of MS. The aim of this case control study was to investigate the association of serum adiponectin concentration, insulin resistance and various risk factors with MS among Tunisian participants. We designed a case-control study involving 100 patients with MS (84 females and 16 males, mean age 54±11 years) and 100 healthy controls (60 females and 40 males, mean age 51±10 years). Serum total cholesterol and triglyceride were determined by enzymatic methods. Insulin resistance was calculated using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) = fasting insulin (uU/ml) x fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l)/22.5 and serum adiponectin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Interestingly, 72% of the subjects with MS had high blood pressure. Compared with controls, patients had significantly higher levels of triglycerides (1.64±0.88...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2016 in |
The aim of the present study is to carry out fluorescence analysis, phytochemical extraction, preliminary phytochemical screening, estimation of total flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, steroids saponins and in vitro antiurolithiatic studies on the leaf aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Bauhinia variegata. The results of fluorescence analysis indicate that the powder on treatment with 50% H2SO4 shows dark brown colour under UV. The results of preliminary phytochemical screening indicated the presence of saponin glycosides, tropane alkaloids and acidic compounds. The results of quantitative determination indicated that the aqueous extract contains highest amount of flavonoids expressed as 54.6 mg/gm equivalents of quercetin, maximum amount of tannins in ethanolic exract as 56.30 mg/gm equivalents of quercetin, equal amounts of alkaloids are present in both extracts as 25mg/gm equivalents of atropine sulphate, steroids and saponins in lowest amount. The in vitro antiurolithiatic activity was studied as percentage inhibition of stones by nucleation, growth and aggregation assays for aqueous and ethanolic extracts at 200-1000 µg/ml taking cystone tablets as standard. The results indicated that the...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2016 in |
Background: Many factors contribute for prevalence of high blood pressure including poor treatment compliance, lack of access to health care and lack of physician adherence to therapeutics. In Ethiopia, routine health care report is incomplete and erratic and 90% individuals diagnosed with hypertension do not properly adhere to treatment. The present study was carried out to assess the antihypertensive drug utilization pattern in Butajira Zonal Hospital, Ethiopia. Methodology: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 486 patient cards of hypertensive patients from Jan, 23 2011 – Feb. 03, 2011 in Butajira Zonal Hospital, SNNPR, Ethiopia. Results: The hypertensive patients studied were female 267 (54.94%) and 271 (55.76%) were above 45 years of age. The common signs/symptoms and disease reported were headache 31(19.50%), congestive heart failure and urinary tract infection 23(14.46%). Combination therapy study on 275 patients shows 237(86.18%) and 38(13.82%) were on two and three drugs respectively. A total of 211 anti-hypertensive drugs were prescribed as mono-therapy out of them hydrochlorothiazide was mostly 123(58.29%) prescribed. A total of 198(100%)...
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