Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2016 in |
Simple and sensitive extractive spectrophotometric methods for the determination of Ethambutol in pure form and in pharmaceutical formulations using triphenyl methane dyes have been developed. The developed methods involve formation of coloured chloroform extractable ion-pair complexes of the drug with triphenyl methane dyes viz., bromocresol green (BCG), bromocresol purple (BCP) and bromophenol blue (BPB) in acidic medium. The extracted complexes formed with BCG, BCP and BPB showed absorbance maxima at 420, 419 and 415 nm respectively. The stoichiometry of the ion- pair complex is found to be 1:1 in each case. Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration ranges 2.0-25, 3.0-30 and 4.0-40 μg/ml with BCG, BCP and BPB respectively. The effect of concentration of dye, pH, and interference of excipients have been studied for optimization. The limits of detection and quantification have been determined for all the three methods. These methods have been validated as per the guidelines of ICH. The results of analysis were validated statistically through recovery...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2016 in |
Background: Diabetes mellitus comprises a group of metabolic disorders that share the common phenotype of hyperglycemia, association with the biochemical alteration of glucose and lipid peroxidation. Abnormalities in metabolism, including elevated polyol pathway, increased non-enzymatic glycation, accumulation of AGEs, uncontrolled oxidative stress, protein kinase C activity (PKC) and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) result from glucose dysmetabolism and evidently also contribute to the development of retinopathy. The aim of this study was to analyze and correlate determine the levels of Malondialdehyde and Superoxide dismutase in patients of Type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without retinopathy. Materials and Methods: The study population comprised of 54 type 2 diabetics with retinopathy and 54 type 2 diabetics without retinopathy in the age group of 35-74 years. HbA1c, MDA, and SOD were assayed for both subjects. Results were analyzed carried out by using SPSS 16.0 version (Chicago, Inc., USA). Results: Serum MDA levels were highly significant increased in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Retinopathy in comparison to without Retinopathy (4.25±1.03...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2016 in |
The present study was carried out to evaluate anti-tussive activity of ethyl acetate and methanolic extract of leaves of Adhatoda vasica Nees. As cough is a natural reflex expulsive defense mechanism of the body, it is the most common symptom of respiratory disease. Ammonium hydroxide and Sulphur dioxide induced cough models in mice were used for evaluation of antitussive activity of ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts of leaves Adhatoda vasica. The ethyl acetate and methanolic extract of leaves Adhatoda vasica was orally administered at the dose levels of 500 mg/kg b.w. showed maximum inhibition of cough by 82% and 81% respectively .The standard anti-tussive drug Codiene phosphate (10mg/kg b.w.) showed maximum inhibition of cough by 84%. It was found that both extracts of Adhatoda vasica showed anti-tussive activity and obtained percentage inhibition of cough reflex is approximately comparable as standard...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2016 in |
The Goal of the present investigation was to design and evaluate gels for topical delivery of water insoluble antifungal agent Fluconazole with an aim to increase its penetration through skin and there by its flux. This is a broad spectrum imidazole derivative useful in the treatment of superficial and systemic fungal infections. The solubility of Fluconazole is increased by preparing solid dispersions with using mannitol, urea, polyethylene glycol 6000, polyvinyl pyrrolidone K30 and ß-cyclodextrin as carrier. Solid dispersion of Fluconazole was prepared by physical mixture method, solvent evaporation method, fusion method, Kneading Method and complex formation, in-vitro release profiles of all solid dispersions were comparatively evaluated and also studied against pure drug of Fluconazole. Faster dissolution was exhibited by solid dispersion containing 1:3 ratio of drug: mannitol by fusion method. The prepared solid dispersions were subjected for percent practical yield, drug content, infra red (I.R.) spectroscopic studies and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). FT-IR spectra revealed no chemical incompatibility between drug and mannitol. Drug- polymer interactions were investigated using differential...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2016 in |
Candesartan Cilexitil is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension. Candesartan cilexitil is a BCS class II drug having low solubility and high permeability. Candesartan Cilexitil is a prodrug which is rapidly converted to the active drug, Candesartan, by ester hydrolysis during absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. The bioavailability of Candesartan Cilexitil is approximately 15% after an oral administration. To increase bioavailability of such drug, solubility and dissolution are important parameters. To increase solubility of candesartan cilexitil, spray drying technique was incorporated with use of Fluidised Bed Processor. Also dissolution rate was improved with the use of appropriate superdisintegrants. Superdisintegrants used are Croscarmellose sodium, Crospovidone and Sodium starch glycolate. Dissolution rate of Candesartan Cilexitil from prepared dispersible tablet was compared with marketed formulation. Results have shown that solubility of Candesartan Cilexitil has been increased and dissolution rate was improved significantly. The transformation of Candesartan Cilexitil from crystalline to amorphous state by spray drying and the use of superdisintegrants are considered among the factors which...
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