Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2016 in |
Due to the increasingly tight controls around compliance, pharmaceutical firms continue to seek more efficient ways to track, document and report on code changes in regulated applications such as those developed for managing samples and inventory. Such applications and electronic signatures associated with application development and workflows are subject to stringent regulations such as Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX), in addition to related audits. The pharmaceutical industry is in a state of flux, and the increasing regulations are making their job even more challenging! One of the outcomes of the introduction of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act focused organizations toward compliance and controlling changes in their environment. This adherence to compliance helped to stabilize environments to some extent and organizations spent a lot of money and energy into becoming compliant and putting controls into place. Every change introduced to the system has the ability to “break” the system. The amount of changes and the speed at which change is introduced is directly proportional to disruptions in service and downtime. As the pharmaceutical environment...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2016 in |
The paper focuses on different marketing techniques in Pharmaceutical Industry with reference to anti-ulcer drugs. This is an industry where a number of characteristics like, efficacy, quality and safety matters while delivering a product (i.e. the drug). This study comes up with drug development and the various aspects of bringing the product to the market. Secondly, it deals with determining the relationship between type of anti-ulcer drug prescribed and various product related factors. Thirdly, it focuses on strategies required for establishing strong presence in the therapeutic category. Methods and Materials: Testing of hypothesis is conducted among the type of anti-ulcer drug prescribed and elements of the marketing mix. Result: The important elements in prescribing anti-ulcer drugs to patients are...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2016 in |
Rilpivirine (RILP) is non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is indicated for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. The current investigation was aimed to formulation and evaluation of solid self nano emulsifying drug delivery system (S-SNEDDS) for Rilpivirine to enhance solubility and dissolution rate. Solubility of drug was determined in different vehicles. Pseudo ternary phase diagram generated using PEG 400, cremophore RH 40 and Transcutol 90. The S-SNEDDS was prepared by adsorbing the optimized liquid SNEDDS on to neusilin US2 as carrier. The S-SNEDDS characterized by micromeritic properties, differential scanning studies, percentage transmittance, emulsification time and zeta potential. The optimized formulation had shown globule size of 16.27 nm with PDI of 0.276, less emulsification time of 30.2sec, good % transmittance (97.152±0.414) and good in vitro release. The in vitro dissolution rate of the drug from the s-SNEDDS was three folds than that of the plain drug and its suspension respectively cumulative percentage of drug release was found to 96.9±2.66 in 90 minutes. Accelerated stability studies was performed at 400C and 75%RH for s-SNEDDS of Rilpivirine...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2016 in |
Interferon-γ (IFN-γ), a defense molecule, mediates its response against viral infections like Hepatitis B virus by binding to interferon gamma receptor 1 (IFNGR1) on cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Hence, interferon gamma receptor 1 (IFNGR1) gene expression is vital in the eradication of the HBV virus. It has been demonstrated by some studies that -56C/T SNPs in IFNGR1 gene promoter region can be correlated with HBV-infection resistance or susceptibility. It has also been shown that -56C SNP has protective effect against HBV infection in comparison to -56T SNP. This motivate us to find out the percentage prevalence of -56C/T SNPs in our healthy population. Genomic DNA was extracted using standard phenol-chloroform method from healthy blood donors. PCR was performed to amplify the 491 bp region of IFNGR1 gene promoter region and digested with AfeI restriction enzyme to observe the -56C/T SNPs. Allele ‘T’ has been observed as the overall dominant allele (65.71%) in our both male (71.79%) and female (58.06%) healthy...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2016 in |
Chronic Kidney Disease is a considerable problem requiring coincident use of several medications in order to manage the condition and co morbidities. Medication adherence rate are diminished by complex drug regimens. Generally poly pharmacy fabricates chances of poor adherence and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). In Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) functioning of kidney is poor and decreased elimination of drugs leads to serious consequences. In this study 144 CKD patients were enrolled. The mean age was found to be 54.97 (±13.425). CKD was more common in male (66%) than female (34%). Majority of the patients were diagnosed with Hypertensive Kidney Disease and Diabetic Kidney disease and using 4 to 6 drugs concurrently. This shows that hypertension and Diabetes are the main risk factor for CKD in these patients. Most of the patients enrolled in the study were diagnosed with CKD for more than 3 years. Patients with CKD were commonly using the drugs like Antihypertensives, Antidiabetics and other cardiovascular drugs. Most of the patients were highly adherent to the medications...
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