Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2016 in |
Objectives: To obtain the data regarding the effects of melatonin on retention of conditioned avoidance response (CAR) and on enhancement of serotonin mediated behavioural responses after electroconvulsive shock (ECS) administration in rats. Methods: Forty rats after training for conditioned avoidance response by using Cook’s pole climbing apparatus were divided in four groups with ten rats in each group and treatment duration was kept for ten days in all the groups. 1) Control group- distilled water (2ml daily) 2) ECS pretreated group- single ECS daily (150 V, 50 Hz sinusoidal with intensity of 210 mA for 0.5 s through crocodile clip ear electrodes) 3) Melatonin group- melatonin suspension (10 mg/kg/day, p.o.) daily 4) Test group- Single ECS daily + melatonin suspension one hour after ECS (10mg/kg/day, p.o.).Then percentage of retention of conditioned avoidance response and number of lithium induced head twitches were calculated in each group on day 11. Data was analysed by chi square and student unpaired t test. Results: Findings show that administration of single ECS daily for...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2016 in |
The main objective of this study is to evaluate the antibacterial activity and phytochemical analysis of Lemon (Citrus limon L.) and Orange (Citrus sinensis L.) Increasing resistance of microorganisms to present day antibiotics arose a way to focus on antimicrobial activity and future prophylactic potential of the lemon and orange peels. In the present study, a total of two extract each of Methanol & Ethanol of Citrus limon and Citrus sinensis were evaluated for their antibacterial activity due to the phytochemicals present in the both the fruit’s peels. All the extracts showed antibacterial activity against all the four bacterial stains. The antibacterial activity of Methanolic and Ethanolic peel extract of C. limon L. and C.sinensis L. were evaluated on bacterial strains Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus by recording minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by disc diffusion method. Methanolic extract of C. sinensis showed maximum inhibition zone of 17 mm against S....
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2016 in |
Background: Psychiatric disorders are one of the major causes of morbidity. Development of newer drugs like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and atypical antipsychotics has altered the treatment paradigms. Objective: To study drug utilization pattern of psychotropic drugs in psychiatric outpatient department. Material and Methods: After ethical approval six month observational, prospective study was conducted at tertiary care hospital, South India. Prescriptions containing at least one psychotropic drugs were included. Data was measured for number and percentage of prescriptions or drugs and using selected World Health Organization (WHO) drug use indicators. Microsoft excel was used to summarize and graph pad instat was used for analysis of data as appropriate.(P < 0.05). Results: 101 prescription contained 187drugs (1.851±0.8 per prescription) where 67.33% of prescriptions had more than 2 psychotropic drugs introducing psychiatric polypharmacy. Selected WHO drug use indicators showed some potential problems in prescriptions which can be improved. Antidepressants (41.49%) were prescribed more followed by sedative/hypnotics (34.69%), antipsychotics (16.3%) and antimaniac drugs (7.4%). Among antidepressants, Sertraline was highly prescribed followed by...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2016 in |
Objective: To compare the drugs: Midazolam and diazepam as preoperative medication. Materials and methods: 100 patients aged between 18-60, scheduled for elective surgery were included in this comparative study. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups of 50 each. Materials and methods: Patients received 0.08mg/kg body weight midazolam inject intramuscularly and diazepam 10 mg orally. Assessment of efficacy variables: anxiety, sedation and anterograde amnesia were rated before and after drug administration (at 15, 30 and 60 minutes after drug administration) before surgery. Finidings: It was found that there was significant difference in mean anxiety reduction (p<0.001). Immediately before taking to operation theatre i.e. 60 minutes after drug administration, 5 with diazepam and 13 with midazolam were highly sedated. Midazolam demonstrated the better sedative, amnesic and anti anxiety effects than diazepam. Conclusion: With respect to anxiolytic, sedative and anterograde amnesic properties, midazolam (0.08mg/kg intramuscularly) is better premedicant compared to diazepam (oral 10 mg) for patients at preoperative period. Diazepam is also a good premedicant and use of both drugs is...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2016 in |
About 5 extract (hexane, acetone, ethanol, methanol, aqueous extraction) from the flowers of Mangifera indica was extracted. Ethanol extract was characterized by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy. Seven constituents from 7 peaks were identified. Icosanedioic acid monomethyl ester, nonadec-16-enyl-benzene, 1, 9 diphenyl nonane, icosane, octadecane, dodecanoic acid butyl ester, tetracosyl- benzene were identified. The antimicrobial activity of different extract was tested against human and plant pathogenic bacteria. Ethanol extract showed significant role on inhibiting almost all tested pathogenic organisms and antitubercular activities at various...
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