Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2016 in |
Background: Malaria is a serious parasitic health problem in India. Plasmodium vivax and falciparum pose the greatest public challenge in endemic areas. P. vivax accounts for more than half of all malaria cases. Accurate and prompt diagnosis is not only important to prevent morbidity, but also helps minimizing drug resistance. Aim: To know the profile of malaria parasite in the patients attending UPRIMS&R, a tertiary care center in Western Uttar Pradesh. Methods: A total 26,939 samples were subjected to smear microscopy (thin and thick) or rapid diagnostic tests. Result: 1330 positive malaria cases were detected. Malaria cases were maximum in year 2010. The proportion of P.vivax, P.falciprum and mixed malaria parasites was found 67% (891 out of 1330), 32% (420 out of 1330) and 1% (19 out of 1330) respectively. Conclusion: There is a decline in trend of malaria cases in India. The highest load of malaria cases was found in month September. P. vivax is still a predominant malaria...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2016 in |
Pollinosis is one of the most common allergic diseases in Asia, Central and Northern Europe as well as in North America. Several proteins in parthenium pollen have already been characterized as allergens causing sensitization and the development of allergic symptoms in atopic individuals. Glutathione-S-transferase are a phylogenetically widespread enzyme family mainly involved in cellular detoxification processes and have already been described as allergens in house dust mite and German cockroach. However, no data about the role of parthenium-GST in plant pollen allergy were available so far, for this purpose we evaluated its immunological and biochemical features. In biochemical assays b-GST was not enzymatically active, whereas p-GST demonstrated high enzymatic activity. In summary, IgE antibodies level did not show significant raise after incubation neither in the VT20 nor in the Bet v1 group while significant raise is observed with IgG antibodies. No cross-reactivity between p-GST-specific Abs and b-GST was observed. In contrast, GST-specific IgG clearly recognized GST in...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2016 in |
The non-infected bark of Alstonia scholaris R. Br. was carefully peeled off, shade dried, and coarsely powdered with the help of a hand club. Powdered dried bark was extracted in 95% ethanol at room temperature and evaporated in vacuo (40°C). The ethanolic extract was suspended in distilled water and subsequently extracted in hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. The solvent of each fraction was removed in a rotary vacuum evaporator under reduced pressure. The crude chloroform extract was mixed with 3% HCl and ethanol. The aqueous layer was collected and the pH was adjusted to 10 by adding NaOH, thereafter it was further extracted with chloroform to get a crude alkaloidal fraction. The alkaloidal fraction was subjected to column chromatography over silica gel and eluted with chloroform: methanol (50:50). The elutes between fractions 40-100 were collected and subjected to preparative HPTLC in the solvent system of ethyl acetate: benzene (1:1). The HPTLC showed the presence of two alkaloids, which were evaluated for their cytotoxic effects in neoplastic cell lines...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2016 in |
Objective: Drug – drug interactions (DDI) is a permanent risk in patients with complex therapeutic regimens. Drugs commonly prescribed in Neurology contribute for most of the potentially hazardous DDI. The present study was undertaken to identify the DDI and its predictors among the patients admitted in Neurology ward. Material and Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from January – May, 2015 among the patients admitted in Neurology wards. All the patients on at least two drugs were enrolled. Drug data was analyzed for interactions using the standard drug interaction software. Results: Among 110 enrolled patients, 289 hazardous DDIs were identified, of which 261 were potential DDIs (pDDIs). Atorvastatin and Pantoprazole (14%), Aspirin and Low Molecular Weight Heparin (13%), and Atorvastatin and Clopidogrel (13%) were the most commonly interacting pairs. Commonly encountered antiepileptic pairs that led to pDDIs were Phenytoin and lorazepam (7%) and clobazam and levetiracetam (7%). Majority of interactions were of moderate (72%), followed by major (20%) severity. 69% of DDIs required therapeutic monitoring and 19% required...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2016 in |
Background: Pediatrics pose a unique set of risks of medication errors, predominantly because of the need to make dosage calculations, which are individually based on the patient’s weight, age or body surface area (BSA), and their condition. This increases the likelihood of errors, particularly dosing errors. In particular; preventing dosing errors is an important part of ensuring safe and quality patient care in the pediatric population. To evaluate appropriateness and accuracy of the prescribed drug dose using BSA as a parameter in pediatric patients. Methods: The present study was cross sectional, observational, and prospective one, conducted on an outpatient basis in pediatric patients. A total of 500 prescriptions were randomly collected and used to analyze prescribed dose. Calculation of standard dose according to BSA of individual of each drug was done by using formula: Individual dose = BSA (m2)/1.7 × average adult dose and compared with the prescribed dose of that particular drug. The BSA of an individual can be calculated from Dubois Raymond’s formula. Results: The 500 prescriptions...
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