Posted by admin on May 31, 2016 in |
Heterocyclic compounds are well known for their different biological activities like anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, insecticidal, pecticidal, antibiotic, etc. the versatile applications of oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur containing heterocyclic compounds have made this area of extensive research. The present study deals with the synthesis of some new 3-(2′-hydroxy-3′-nitro-5′-methylphenyl)-5-(aryl/heteryl) pyrazoles synthesis from 1-(2′-hydroxy-3′-nitro-5′-methylphenyl) – 3 – aryl/heteryl – 2-propen-ones i.e. chalcone by reaction with hydrazine hydrate in ethanol and synthesized compounds screening for antimicrobial...
Read More
Posted by admin on May 31, 2016 in |
Diazonium salt of 2-(p-aminophenyl)-1,8-naphthyridine (I) was coupled with active methylene compounds to afford the hydrazono-1,8-napthyridinyl (III-V) and azo(VI) derivatives. Hydrazono ethyl acetoacetate (III) and ethyl cyanoacetate (IV) derivatives on treatment with hydrazine and substituted hydrazine’s were later reacted with hydroxylamine HCl in the presence of ethanol followed by cyclization to afford pyrazolinone (IIIa-e) & (IVa-e) and isoxazolinones (VII&IX). Hydrazono acetyl acetone (V) and azo dibenzoyl methane (VI) derivatives on treatment with hydrazine and substituted hydrazines, hydroxylamine HCl and with urea in the presence of ethanol followed by cylization resulted in the formation of pyrazoles (Va-e) & (VIa-e), isoxazole (IX&XI) and substituted pyrimidine-2-ones (X&XII). All the newly synthesized compounds were screened for their in-vitro antibacterial activity & antifungal activity by Agar cup-plate method and Serial dilution methods. In Agar cup plate method the Compounds IIId, IVd, VId showed Impressive antibacterial and antifungal activity. In Serial dilution method the compounds Vd & VId showed excellent antibacterial activity against B.Subtilis with an MIC of 7.8 µg/ml where as the compounds IVd, Vd...
Read More
Posted by admin on May 31, 2016 in |
Introduction: Non Steroidal Anti Inflammatory drugs are widely used drugs worldwide for various inflammatory conditions and acute as well as chronic pain conditions. In India large number of NSAIDs preparations are available in the market. Therefore choosing a NSAID becomes very difficult task for the prescribing physician. Objective: To evaluate the price variation of the different NSAIDs preparation available in the Indian market. Material And Methods: Cost of a particular drug in the same strength and dosage forms being manufactured by different companies was obtained from “Current Index of Medical Specialties” (CIMS) Jan-Apr, 2015 and “Indian Drug Review” (IDR) Issue 1,2015. Difference between the maximum and minimum cost of the same drug manufactured by different pharmaceutical companies was calculated and percentage cost variation was calculated. Spearman correlation analysis and regression coefficient was done to observe the correlation between no. of manufacturing companies and their percentage price variation with the help of IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS v.21). Result: NSAIDs combination were commonly found as Oral and Topical...
Read More
Posted by admin on May 31, 2016 in |
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease with several triggers such as oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to assess the antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and catalase), the total antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) and homocysteine levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The study population consists of 172 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 147 healthy controls. The glutathione peroxidase and the glutathione reductase erythrocyte activities were determined at 340 nm. The catalase activity was measured by colorimetric assay (Góth). The superoxide dismutase activity and the total antioxidant status levels were calculated using the colorimetric method at 505 nm and 600 nm respectively. Plasma malondialdehyde was determined by the spectrofluorometric method of Yagi. Serum homocysteine was measured by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and catalase activities and total antioxidant status levels were significantly lower in patients compared to controls. However, malondialdehyde and homocysteine levels in patients were significantly higher than in healthy subjects. No significant difference in superoxide dismutase activity between...
Read More
Posted by admin on May 31, 2016 in |
The present study was aimed to assess the reno-protective impact of aqueous extract of root of Withania somnifera (WSR) commonly known as Ashwagandha against organochlorine induced renal toxicity in fish Clarias batrachus (Linn.).Fishes were exposed to 4ppb concentration of commercial brand Endocel, an organochlorine pesticide for one week and two week to prepare the toxic model. These toxic groups of fishes were further treated with aqueous root extract of Withania somnifera (WSR)@100 mg /kg body wt for four weeks. After schedule exposure, blood serum was extracted and analyzed for total protein (TP) content. Renal tissues were processed for light microscopy (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Endocel lowered TP at almost every exposure level. At LM level WSR extract treatment showed restoration of normal luminal characteristics of PCT & DCT and renal corpuscles but it failed to minimize abortive glomerulus, necrotic renal tubules with hypertrophied area, haemorrhagical clots & chronic venous congestion. At TEM level, WSR extract showed maximum retrieval in the cytoarchitecture of cuboidal epithelial cells of renal...
Read More
