Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2016 in |
The non-infected bark of Alstonia scholaris R. Br. was carefully peeled off, shade dried, and coarsely powdered with the help of a hand club. Powdered dried bark was extracted in 95% ethanol at room temperature and evaporated in vacuo (40°C). The ethanolic extract was suspended in distilled water and subsequently extracted in hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. The solvent of each fraction was removed in a rotary vacuum evaporator under reduced pressure. The crude chloroform extract was mixed with 3% HCl and ethanol. The aqueous layer was collected and the pH was adjusted to 10 by adding NaOH, thereafter it was further extracted with chloroform to get a crude alkaloidal fraction. The alkaloidal fraction was subjected to column chromatography over silica gel and eluted with chloroform: methanol (50:50). The elutes between fractions 40-100 were collected and subjected to preparative HPTLC in the solvent system of ethyl acetate: benzene (1:1). The HPTLC showed the presence of two alkaloids, which were evaluated for their cytotoxic effects in neoplastic cell lines...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2016 in |
Objective: Drug – drug interactions (DDI) is a permanent risk in patients with complex therapeutic regimens. Drugs commonly prescribed in Neurology contribute for most of the potentially hazardous DDI. The present study was undertaken to identify the DDI and its predictors among the patients admitted in Neurology ward. Material and Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from January – May, 2015 among the patients admitted in Neurology wards. All the patients on at least two drugs were enrolled. Drug data was analyzed for interactions using the standard drug interaction software. Results: Among 110 enrolled patients, 289 hazardous DDIs were identified, of which 261 were potential DDIs (pDDIs). Atorvastatin and Pantoprazole (14%), Aspirin and Low Molecular Weight Heparin (13%), and Atorvastatin and Clopidogrel (13%) were the most commonly interacting pairs. Commonly encountered antiepileptic pairs that led to pDDIs were Phenytoin and lorazepam (7%) and clobazam and levetiracetam (7%). Majority of interactions were of moderate (72%), followed by major (20%) severity. 69% of DDIs required therapeutic monitoring and 19% required...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2016 in |
Background: Pediatrics pose a unique set of risks of medication errors, predominantly because of the need to make dosage calculations, which are individually based on the patient’s weight, age or body surface area (BSA), and their condition. This increases the likelihood of errors, particularly dosing errors. In particular; preventing dosing errors is an important part of ensuring safe and quality patient care in the pediatric population. To evaluate appropriateness and accuracy of the prescribed drug dose using BSA as a parameter in pediatric patients. Methods: The present study was cross sectional, observational, and prospective one, conducted on an outpatient basis in pediatric patients. A total of 500 prescriptions were randomly collected and used to analyze prescribed dose. Calculation of standard dose according to BSA of individual of each drug was done by using formula: Individual dose = BSA (m2)/1.7 × average adult dose and compared with the prescribed dose of that particular drug. The BSA of an individual can be calculated from Dubois Raymond’s formula. Results: The 500 prescriptions...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2016 in |
Hyperlipidemia is the greatest risk factor of coronary heart disease, currently available hypolipidemic drugs have been associated with number of side effects. Literature claims that flavonoids are able to reduce hyperlipidemia. Based on high flavonoids content in herbal plants, Nymphaea alba (NA) family Nymphaeaceae were selected and the present study focus on the antihyperlipidemic activity of methanol extract of leaves of NA against triton induced hyperlipididemia in rats. NA was administered at a dose of 100mg &200mg /kg (p.o) to triton induced hyperlipidemic rats. Fenofibrate was used as a reference standard. The statistical analyses were carried out using one way ANOVA followed by dunnets multiple comparisions test. NA shows a significant decrease in the levels of serum cholesterol, phospholipids, triglyceride, LDL, VLDL and significant increase in the level of serum HDL at the dose of 100 & 200mg/kg (p.o) against trition induced hyperlipidemic in rats. Methanol extracts decreased serum level of total cholesterol by 74.25%. On the other hand aqueous extract of NA increased the serum HDL cholesterol level...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2016 in |
Objective– To rationalize the Macroscopical and Microscopical study, Phytochemical analysis, TLC and HPTLC fingerprinting of Bauhinia purpurea Linn. Leaves. Methods– The crude ethanolic extract of leaves of Bauhinia purpurea Linn. was using the macroscopical characters (size, shape, colour, odour, taste, surface, texture, venation, margin, base, and petiole) powder microscopical study, the powder was stained with phloroglucinol and concentrated HCl to study the lignified cells, lignified parenchyma, trichomes, fibres, xylem vessels, mesophyll, palisade cells and stomata, etc, Preliminary phytochemical tests (Glycosides, Saponins, Tannins, Flavonoids etc.) and Preliminary photochemical investigation of TLC and HPTLC. Results: An attempt has been made to highlight this folk herbal medicine through present study which will assist in the identification of fresh as well as dried crude samples of leaves phytochemically, macroscopically and microscopically. TLC and HPTLC fingerprint profiling were carried out and the salient qualitative and quantitative parameters are reported. Conclusion: The present study will provide referential information for correct identification and help in checking adulteration in market sample used in the preparation of various...
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