Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2016 in |
Quetiapine is indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia as well as for the treatment of acute manic episodes associated with bipolar I disorder. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of manufacturing process on critical quality attribute on In-process parameters (Granules). Quetiapine fumarate was selected as a model drug for sustained release drug delivery system manufactured by wet granulation process 1. To identify the effect of compacted Magnesium Oxide Light in the release behavior of model drug. During the study different percentage of Magnesium Oxide light compacted and granulated by using dichloromethane as granulating solvent. Other excipients with different functionality were added in the formulation such as Microcrystalline Cellulose, Lactose monohydrate, Controlled release polymer Carrageenan, Povidone and Magnesium stearate. Initially Magnesium Oxide light was compacted by using vertical type Roller compactor. From the compacted material 40%- 50% screened & 50%-60% retained over #60 mesh is optimized ratio, and this ratio must be maintained to get the targeted release of the said drug from the final...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2016 in |
In this study, we assessed the availability, cost and affordability of essential antibiotics for paediatrics in a semi-rural region in Tanzania. Data were collected from 1 Medical Stores Department (MSD), 8 public hospitals, 30 Private Pharmacies and 30 Accredited Drug Dispensing Outlets (ADDO`s). The median price of tracer medicines and average stock-out days of per year were used to assess the cost and availability of medicines in the health facilities, respectively. The salary of the lowest paid unskilled government worker and national poverty line income were used to assess affordability of medicines. The median availability of the lowest-price generics of essential antibiotics for paediatrics in the pharmacies, ADDO’s and public hospitals was 59.09%, 62.5%, and 45.5%, respectively. At MSD, only 13 out of the 22 antibiotics were in stock at the time of survey. The median stock out days was 124 days per year. The median price ratios (MPRs) of retail patient’s prices for 20 generic antibiotics were 1.774 for 30 pharmacies, while for 8 generic antibiotics in 30...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2016 in |
Human erythrocytes were pre-incubated in vitro with paracetamol and then erythrocyte’s rheological properties of deformability, osmotic fragility and aggregation were evaluated after being compromised by various means. Paracetamol (1, 2, 4mg/ml) significantly prevented the loss of deformability through 5mm diameter pores of erythrocytes dehydrated with hypertonic buffer or with calcium ionophore A23187 at 4 mg/ml. When the potassium ionophore valinomycin was used to induce cell dehydration, paracetamol (4mg/ml) also prevented partially the loss of deformability. Paracetamol (4mg/ml) also decreased significantly erythrocyte osmotic fragility induced by hypotonic saline, and prevented significantly the aggregation of erythrocytes induced by dextran 70. The antioxidant properties of paracetamol was studied by chemical assays and found to be as follows: total antioxidant capacity (88.9 µg AAE/mg), reducing power (A0 at 700 nm= 1.0 compared to 3.0 for Vit. C), DPPH scavenging activity (IC50= 62.5 µg/ml compared to 5.8 for Vit. C), OH· scavenging activity (IC50= 40.2 µg/ml compared to <10 for catecholamin), iron chelating (IC50= 144.6 µg/ml compared to 17.3 for EDTA) and Paracetamol at...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2016 in |
Seaweed consumption is becoming more popular in Asian population especially the red seaweed, Kappaphycus alvarezii (K. alvarezii). However, there are few reported studies on the safety of K. alvarezii for consumption in Malaysia. This study focuses on the in vivo evaluation of toxicity and heavy metals of K. alvarezii performed in albino rats. K. alvarezii were sent for heavy metal analysis while methanolic extracts of K. alvarezii were administered orally to albino rats (2000mg/kg) daily for a total of 28 days according to Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines. The water level and feed consumption of both groups were observed daily. At day 28th the control and experimental group of rats were sacrificed, blood and organs such as kidney and liver were collected and sent for haematology and biochemical analysis. There was low to no detectable concentration of heavy metals such as arsenic, iron and zinc in K. alvarezii. In addition, the low levels of heavy metals in the K. alvarezii samples did not cause toxicity in...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2016 in |
One of the major obstacles to the successful chemotherapy towards several cancers is multidrug resistance of human cancer cells to anti-cancer drugs. An important contributor to multidrug resistance is the human multidrug resistance protein-1 transporter (MRP1), which is an efflux pump of the ABC (ATP binding cassette) superfamily. Thus, highly efficacious, third generation MRP1 inhibitors, like tariquidar analogues, are promising inhibitors of multidrug resistance and are under clinical trials. To maximize the efficacy of MRP1 inhibitors and to reduce systemic toxicity, it is important to limit the exposure of MRP1 inhibitors and anticancer drugs to normal tissues and to increase their co-localization with tumor cells. Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA) and Comparative Molecular Similarity Indices Analysis (CoMSIA) associated with 3D-Quantitiative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) studies were performed on a series of tariquidar analogues, as selective MDR modulators. Best predictability was obtained with CoMFA model r2(non-cross-validated square of correlation coefficient) = 0.968, F value = 151.768 with five components, standard error of estimate = 0.107 while the CoMSIA yielded r2 =...
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