Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2015 in |
The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the aqueous ethanolic extract of the bark of Thespesia populnea (L.) revealed the presence of alkaloids, unsaturated sterols, triterpenes, flavonoids and the absence of anthraquinones. The froth test indicated the presence of saponins. Most importantly this study revealed the presence of proanthocyanidins which has not been reported before. In the present study, ethyl acetate and aqueous soluble proanthocyanidin fractions (EASPA and AQSPA respectively) were extracted and purified by chromatography on Sephadex LH-20. Prussian blue test and acid catalyzed cleavage test revealed that proanthocyanidins have been successfully separated from non-proanthocyanidin phenolics. The yields of purified EASPA and AQSPA fractions were 0.081% and 0.72% (by weight) of the fresh bark. Acid catalyzed cleavage followed by TLC studies of both EASPA and AQSPA fractions showed the presence of two anthocyanidins, cyanidin and delphinidin, suggesting that they are composed of (epi)catechin and (epi)gallocatechin units with (epi)catechin being more abundant compared to the other. This was further confirmed by 13C NMR spectroscopic studies. In addition, 13C NMR spectroscopic studies...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2015 in |
Background: Decoction of the root of Strophanthus hispidus is highly valued in Africa herbal medicine for the treatment of skin diseases, leprosy, ulcers, malaria, dysentery, gonorrhea and in the management of inflammation. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-nociceptive effect of the aqueous root extract of Strophanthus hispidus focusing on central involvement as well as exploring the possible mechanisms of action in Swiss albino mice of both sexes. Methods: The aqueous extract was administered in doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg kg-1 via oral route to the animals used in the various models- acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin, Haffner’s tail clip, hot plate and tail immersion tests. Results: In each of the models, the aqueous root extract of Strophanthus hispidus each possesses a significant (p< 0.05, p< 0.01, p< 0.001) anti-nociceptive effect in a dose-dependent manner. The anti-nociceptive activity of the extract may be mediated through central and peripheral mechanisms. The involvement of opioid and dopamine (D2) receptors in anti-nociception were also established. The effect of the...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2015 in |
Simple, sensitive and selective methods are developed for the spectrophotometric determination of drugs, viz., Esmolol hydrochloride (ESM), Ramipril (RAM), Gemifloxacin (GEM), Terazosin (TRZ) and Moxifloxacin (MOX), based on their reactivity towards KMnO4. Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration of 4-28, 4-28, 2.6-18.2, 1.5-10.5 and 1-7 μg ml-1 for Esmolol hydrochloride, Ramipril, Gemifloxacin, Terazosin and Moxifloxacin. The methods involve the addition of excess KMnO4 of known concentration in the presence of 2M H2SO4, reactants are allowed to react and the unreacted KMnO4 is estimated with a fixed amount of Methyl Orange by measuring the absorbance at 507nm. Results of analyses were validated statistically. Statistical comparison of the results with the reference method shows excellent agreement and indicates no significant difference in accuracy and precision. These methods have been applied for the determination of drugs in their pure form as well as in tablet formulations. These methods have been validated in terms of guidelines of...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2015 in |
Pulicaria mauritanica Coss is one of the endemic medicinal plants from Algerian Sahara. It’s used for many traditional therapies for various diseases. The aims of this study were to analyse the chemical composition of aerial part essential oil of P.mauritanica coss and antibacterial properties. We investigate the content of different organic extracts on phenolics and flavonoids, and also their antioxidant activities (Ferric reducing and DPPH test). The GC-MS analysis revealed fifteen compounds representing 97.0 % of the total oil containing carvotanacetone (89.2 %), β-eudesmol (3.2 %) and nerolidol E (0.7 %) as a major components. The essential oil exhibited a strong antibacterial effect as a diameter of zones of inhibition (24.3 ± 2.1 mm and 22.7 ± 1.5 mm) against Citobacter frendii and Enterobacter cloaceae, respectively. We found the methanolic extract of flowers presented the highest level of phenolics and flavonoids contents (329.9 ± 0.3 mg GAE/g and 130 ± 1.1 mg CE/g). The antioxidant activity of the some organic extracts of P. mauritanica presented an average reducing power...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2015 in |
The aim of the present work was to formulate and evaluate oral thin films for sublingual administration of Amlodipine besylate. Amlodipine besylate is a calcium channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension, angina and other cardiovascular diseases. Films were formulated using HPMC (15cps, 60cps), PVA, and HPC as different film-forming agents (3 and 4% (w/v)). Poly ethylene glycol 400 was used as plasticizer and SSG as disintegrant. Sodium saccharine was used to mask the bitter taste of the drug. Films were prepared by solvent casting method and evaluated for drug content, disintegration time, thickness, tensile strength, folding endurance and % cumulative drug released. The optimized formulation (HPMC 15 cps) F5 exhibited acceptable folding endurance (95), disintegration time (33 sec) and drug release of 98.5% in 360 sec. It can be concluded from the study that the Amlodipine oral thin films for sub lingual administration can be a potential novel drug dosage...
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