Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2021 in |
Silymarin is a mixture of flavonolignan and polyphenolic bioactive natural products found in the milk thistle plant Silybum marianum. It has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antiviral activities potentially useful in treating several liver disorders, such as chronic liver diseases, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the benefits are curtailed by its extremely poor water solubility (<50 μg/mL), low bioavailability and poor intestinal absorption. To solve these problems, nano-based technological strategies appear to be a promising method to potentiate therapeutic action. The purpose of this study is to review the different nanostructured systems available in the literature as delivery strategies to improve the absorption and bioavailability of...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2021 in |
Conventional dosage forms are the systems that don’t have complete control on their drug release, and also there is no control over the effective concentration at the target site. So in order to overcome this problem the osmotic drug delivery system was developed for the controlled delivery of drugs. This osmotic drug delivery system includes dosage forms for oral administration and implantable systems where they provide controlled delivery of drugs. These systems contain osmotic agents and a semipermeable membrane where they play an important role in the development of these delivery systems. This review mainly concentrates on the main Advantages, the principle of osmosis and how the drugs are delivered by using osmotic pressure, historical background, Types of osmotic drug delivery – Implantable and oral osmotic system, their pictorial representations and mechanisms, factors influencing the drug release, scientific developments and Marketed products of osmotic drug delivery...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2021 in |
The prevalence of infectious diseases in the world, including in Indonesia, has increased significantly. One of the factors of death due to infectious disease is decreasing the human body’s immune system. Therefore, studies on immunomodulatory agents need further investigation. Many studies have shown that secondary metabolite compounds contained in plants have immunomodulatory properties. These compounds are flavonoids, alkaloids, polysaccharides, phenols, terpenoids, tannins, glycosides, saponins, and sterols. In Indonesia, there are many types of medicinal plants containing secondary metabolite compounds. Besides, Indonesian people usually consume Jamu for immune-boosting. Jamu is made from Indonesian traditional herbal medicine such as ginger, turmeric, galangal, Curcuma, cinnamon, sand ginger, lemongrass, cardamom, tamarind, lime and cloves. The most frequently used Indonesian traditional herbal medicine investigated regarding their constituents and immunomodulatory effect should be explored. Although, more research is needed to prove efficacy and assure safety scientifically. This paper aims to give comprehensive views useful for future development and further improve its utility as immunomodulatory...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2021 in |
In recent years, the nasal route is gaining increasing importance for systemic administration of drugs and targeting to brain. The drug delivery to the brain is limited due to several factors, including presence of blood-brain barrier, enzymatic degradation, and efflux of drug by P-glycoprotein. Nasal route is employed to target the brain using various direct pathways via nasal mucosa and to bypass blood-brain barrier. The nasal route has limitations like small surface area, possibility of nasal irritation, and low volumes of administration. Various strategies have been employed in order to enhance nasal absorption and drug uptake in the brain. Nanotechnology-based formulations is one of the most investigated approaches in recent years for effective brain targeting. Lipid-based nanocarriers serve as a promising strategy owing to their ability to facilitate drug permeation through the nasal mucosa and reduce drug efflux by the blood-brain barrier by inhibiting efflux transporters. This review summarizes nose to brain drug transport pathways, mechanism of nasal absorption, various strategies used to improve nasal absorption, and a detailed...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2021 in |
Ayurveda (Indian system of medicine) chikitsapaddhati treats the patient with herbal, animal, and mineral drugs. Among the three, plant-based products acquire prime importance because of their wide utility and negligible side effects. Various parts of the plant are used solely or in different formulations. Niryasaor exudate broadly includes all types of secretory products like gum, resins and sometimes latex. From immemorial period niryasais being used in numerous disease conditions in Ayurveda but it is left unexplored so far. Hence, an effort is made to enlighten the path towards niryasa. Source, type of exudate, Rasa, Guna, Veerya, Vipaka and karma of several niryasa like Hingu, Dikamali, Srivesthaka, Dhava, Kankusttha, Vamshalochana, Garjanataila, Bola, Laksha, Bhimseni Kapoor, Aloe, Kunduru, Rala, Palasha, Khadira, Guggulu, Shigru, Rumimastagi, Sarja, Karpura, Gond kateera, Nimbaniryasa, Babbula, Arimeda, Mocharasa, Beejakaniryasa, Shilarasa, Tailaparni, Lobana, Charasand Raktaniryasaare tabulated as per available description in classics. Botanical identity along with illustration regarding exudate collection of above plants is catalogued based on published data from authorized journals. Apart from medicinal significance theyare also...
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