Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2020 in |
Solubility is the rate-limiting step for bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. The solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs can be enhanced by incorporating active pharmaceutical ingredients into oral lipid-based drug delivery systems. Self micro emulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) is a researcher’s choice amongst other oral lipid drug delivery systems because it offers advantages like simplicity to manufacture, convenience in scale-up, less interference of food on the dosage form and has the capability to deliver peptides. SMEDDS acts as a drug delivery carrier in which a broad range of different drug moieties can be incorporated. The bioavailability of lipophilic drugs can be significantly increased by formulating in the SMEDDS form. The present review provides a comprehensive summary for types of SMEDDS, manufacturing process, formulations aspects, evaluation characteristics, and patents registered on account of oral lipid drug delivery...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2020 in |
Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is a big cause of liver-related fibrosis and cirrhosis. The level of fibrosis is usually in the past (established by histology). The prognosis is estimated using fibrosis progression rates (FPRs; the annual probability of progressing across histological stages). However, new non-invasive options are quickly replacing biopsy. As the rates of HCV cirrhosis go on increasing and hence remains high, the morbidity and mortality of HCV- related HCC. Reduced complications from cirrhosis, including HCC, is one of the long term goals of antiviral. The new directly acting antiviral development with high rates of virological clearance has restructured the cure of HCV infection. Fewer patients remain at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma, especially those with the severe fibrosis and cirrhosis in spite of the development of HCC in HCV patients who achieve disease sustained virologic response is reduced. This review puts lights upon the overview, morphogenesis, infection, therapies. The discussion outlined will be helpful to the chemist and learners of the exact mechanism and set the broad spectrum...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2020 in |
Birth defects induced by maternal exposure to exogenous agents during pregnancy are preventable if the agents themselves can be identified and avoided. This might be the causative effect in mechanical fetal diseases and retarded in the development of embryo and fetus. Often, the safety of a drug in the mother’s fetuses and nursing infants cannot be determined until it has been widely used. This represents a particular case of an embryo with their abnormalities in the development of physiological induction and structural disorders in their progeny, by these consequences in occurrence with some agent’s leads to teratogenicity. These causative agents are may be chemical or physical, and some inhibit the nature of retardation in growth caused by ionization radiation, oxidative stress, etc. These malformations in neonates are majorly caused by the placental transfer of drugs from maternal-fetal circulation. The current review critically explores the issues of several classes of medication during gestation and seeking to promote general and concise resources used during pregnancy and...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2020 in |
Viruses are like hijackers. They invade living, normal cells, and replicate and create other viruses like themselves using those cells. This can destroy, harm, or change the cells and cause sickness. Various viruses in the human body invade other cells, such as the liver, respiratory system, or blood. Viruses are too small germs. Inside a protein matrix, they are made of genetic material inside of a protein coating. Different viruses can infect almost every type of body tissue from the brain to the skin depending on the virus ant the state of health of the individuals. Viral infections cannot be treated with conventional antibiotics (antibacterial-antibiotics); in fact, the use of antibacterial-antibiotics can cause serious side effects that worsen the viral infection in some cases. With a little help in the form of proper diet, hydration, relaxation, and rest, the overwhelming majority of human viral infections can be efficiently tackled by the body’s own immune system. As for the rest, treatment depends on the type and position of the virus...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2020 in |
Acute renal failure (ARF) is characterized by a rapid, potentially reversible decline in renal function, including a rapid fall in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and retention of nitrogenous waste products over a period of hours or days. The mortality rate of patients with ARF has remained 25–70% despite the use of various pharmacologic agents. Due to the multiple causes of renal failure, many animal models have been developed to advance our understanding of human nephropathy. Among the experimental models, rodents have been extensively used to enable a mechanistic understanding of kidney disease induction and progression, as well as to identify potential targets for therapy. Numerous experimental models have confirmed the nephrotoxicity induced by gentamicin, cisplatin, acetaminophen, glycerol, CCl4, adenine, potassium dichromate, and others. Nephrotoxicity induced in these experimental models showed pathophysiological, ultrastructural and functional renal impairments in the form of tubular desquamation and necrosis and elevated blood urea and serum creatinine. The aim of this study was to know the mechanism of actions of different nephrotoxic agents for inducing...
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