Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2020 in |
Cancer is a genetic disorder that results from genetic or epigenetic alterations in the somatic cells and has abnormal cell growth which may be spread to other body parts. In 2018, 18 million cancer was recorded globally in which 9.5 million cancer cases in men, 8.5 million cases in women, and 9.6 deaths were also recorded in the same year. The most spreading cancer globally is prostate, breast, lung stomach, colorectal cancer, non-melanoma skin malignancies but there are 100 types of cancers that affect humans. The impact of cancer is increasing significantly day by day. Tobacco is 22% responsible for causing cancer, 15% cancer is caused due some infections like HIV, hepatitis b, Epstein-Barretc, and 10% is due to poor diet, obesity, excessive consumption of alcohol, exposure to ionizing radiation, etc. In this review article, we try to shed a light on various cancer-causing factors, type of cancer, how the cancer starts, sign or symptom of cancer, diagnosing tests, the treatments of cancer and problems related to cancer treatments....
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2020 in |
Health may be defined as the capability to adapt and manage physical, mental, and social concerns throughout life. Oral health is a key indicator of overall health, wellbeing, and quality of life. WHO defines oral health as “a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat cancer, oral infection and sores, periodontal (gum) disease, tooth decay, tooth loss and other diseases and disorders that limit an individual’s capacity in biting, chewing, smiling, speaking and psychosocial wellbeing. Oral diseases are the most frequent non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and affecting humans lifelong, resulting in pain, malaise, malformation, and till death. Environmental pollution is now recognized as a global threat, and the actions of mankind are largely accountable for this. Various oral diseases like dental caries, fluorosis are influenced by the food and water quality in a particular topographic area. Chemicals in water can be both naturally occurring or introduced by human interference and can have a huge impact on teeth and oral mucosa. High concentrations of arsenic...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2020 in |
Microspheres are small spherical free-flowing particles, with diameters 1 μm to 1000 μm consisting of proteins or synthetic polymers which are biodegradable in nature. They are prepared to obtain prolonged or controlled drug delivery to improve, bioavailability, stability and to target the drug to a specific site at a predetermined rate. Microspheres are of various types and are prepared by different techniques as spray drying technique, solvent evaporation technique, single-emulsion technique, double-emulsion technique, etc. Microspheres do not receive much attention not only for prolonged-release but also for targeting of anticancer drugs. Microspheres can be applied in different fields as in cosmetics, oral drug delivery, target drug delivery, ophthalmic drug delivery, gene delivery, and others discussed in the review. In the future, with various other techniques microspheres will find a place in novel drug delivery, specifically in diseased cell sorting, diagnostics, genetic materials, safe, targeted & effective in-vivo delivery. The present review highlights various types of microspheres, different methods of preparation, its applications, and recent advances in microspherical drug delivery...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2020 in |
Transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) provides an alternate safe way of drug delivery compared to other invasive techniques. Documented advancement in transdermal science provides sustainable delivery of drug molecules, improved bioavailability, the better therapeutic efficacy of embedded drug’s and ability to deliver the drug at a constant rate and also reduces the adverse effects associated with oral delivery of drugs. Skin provides a formidable barrier for topical delivery of drugs to overcome its various agents have been used. TDDS have received more attention recently due to their unique features such as improve bioavailability, controlled release of medication and better patient compliance. Transdermal patches, which consist of the drug along with other ingredients provide an effective way to overcome this barrier. The present review mainly focuses on the various advancement of transdermal drug delivery, the various available method for preparation of transdermal patches, characterization and assessment tools for transdermal patch preparation, patents filled, clinical trial performed on transdermal compounds along with drug approved and future applications of transdermal drug delivery...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2020 in |
Iontophoresis assisted drug delivery system refers to a novel system for delivery of the drug in a non-invasive and effective manner across the skin or biological membranes by electrical assistance. Drug substances exhibiting low trans-corneal (ocular) permeability can be effectively delivered in a safe, fast, and painless manner by the employment of electric current of low intensity, which enhances permeation of drugs across the cornea and thereby, extends the duration of drug action. Fundamental principles of physics guide the technique of ocular iontophoresis that repulsion occurs between the ionic charges of the same nature, while attraction occurs between the ionic charges of opposite nature. Electro-repulsion and electro-osmotic flow are the two transport mechanisms on which ocular iontophoresis works. For the ocular delivery of the drug, there are various iontophoresis devices available in the market, e.g., Eyegate® II and OcuPhore®, those are the most commonly used delivery devices for this purpose, while VisulexTM is another similar system. On the basis of the site of application, ocular iontophoresis can be classified...
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