Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2025 in |
Bio-nanotechnology has emerged as an integration of biotechnology and nanotechnology. The nanoparticles are described as particles with sizes ranging from 1 to 100 nanometers. Nanoparticles exist in many forms such as spherical, cylindrical, platelets, tubes, etc. Nanotechnology is an area that is flourishing, creating an effect in all fields of human life. Biological synthesis employs plant leaf extract, bacteria, fungi, and enzymes to synthesize nanoparticles offers various benefits of eco-friendliness and compatibility for pharmaceutical and other biomedical applications as they do not use toxic chemicals. Drugs are entrapped in the polymer matrix particulates or solid solutions or may be bound to the particle surface by physical adsorption or through chemical interaction. The basic concept involved is the selective and effective localization of nanodrugs in appropriate concentration, and nanoparticles provide restricted access to non-target cells. Nanoparticles are mainly taken by the reticuloendothelial system after administration. Therefore, nanoparticles are useful for carrying drugs to the phagocytically active cells. It is possible to enhance drug delivery to targeted tissues by modifying the...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2025 in |
Antimicrobials are vital agents that combat dangerous microorganisms, but increasing resistance to these drugs is a major challenge to global health security. AMR occurs when the intended killing drugs lose their effectiveness because pathogens have learned how to adapt and become resistant to them mainly as a result of overusing, misusing or using antibiotics in ways that are not suitable. Adhering with this pressing matter necessitates fresh methods coupled with an all-inclusive perspective. Literature was searched through indexed databases including Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar and Science director. Research on novel AMR treatments is continuing. Anti-virulent therapy targets bacteria’s virulence factors rather than eradicating them, preventing antibiotic-resistant strains. Naturally occurring or manufactured antimicrobial peptides have diverse modes of action and little resistance risk. Using antimicrobials to prevent infections reduces the need for curative antibiotics. Bacteriophage therapy employs viruses that infect and kill bacteria to treat illnesses. Plant derivatives like phytochemicals and nanoparticles are antimicrobial.Review addressing the challenge of antimicrobial resistance requirements and for multi-pronged approach, including surveillance, stewardship and development...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2025 in |
Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. turkestanica Rousi. (seabuckthorn), a multipurpose plant growing in the cold desert of the Union Territory of Ladakh, India. The plant samples were collected from Skurbuchan, located at 34° 26′ 07″ N and 76° 42′ 38″ E, along the Indus River bank in the Union Territory of Ladakh, India. The samples are shade-dried. The microscopic observations are examined under different magnifications. The physicochemical properties, such as LoD, ash value, water and alcohol soluble extractive value, and acid insoluble ash, as prescribed in the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India have also been calculated. The T.S. of fruit pulp reveals a pericarp with an inner endocarp, middle mesocarp, and outer epicarp. The mesocarp contains parenchyma cells with orange material, while the epicarp consists of elongated epidermal cells. The pericarp also has oil droplets and vascular bundles. The seed test a has a hypodermal layer of thick-walled sclereids, followed by a thick endosperm and cotyledon epidermis layer. The powder microscopy also supports the features. Physicochemical analysis shows values recorded in %w/w. The fruit pulp...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2025 in |
Ocular monkeypox, a rare but severe consequence of monkeypox virus infection (an Orthopoxvirus), presents with various ophthalmic issues, from conjunctivitis and keratitis to, in severe cases, corneal ulcers and vision loss. Transmission occurs via Close contact with sick people, contaminated objects, or respiratory droplets can spread the infection. Among the symptoms include inflamed eyes, swelling, pain, and discharge, often alongside systemic symptoms like fever, rash, and swollen lymph nodes. Prompt diagnosis and treatment, including supportive care, antiviral medications (e.g., tecovirimat or cidofovir), and management of secondary bacterial infections, are crucial to prevent permanent damage. Corneal transplantation may be considered in vision-threatening cases due to corneal damage. Vaccination, especially with the modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vaccine, offers protection and lessens the risk of severe complications, including ocular involvement. Public health strategies, like immunization drives and instruction, are vital for outbreak control and minimizing the impact of ocular and systemic monkeypox. More investigation is required to improve and understand the disease’s mechanisms and improve treatment, prevention, and surgical...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2025 in |
Tremors are a neurodegenerative disorder (ND) characterized by the involuntary movement of body parts such as the soft palate, hands, jaw, tongue, and head. As of February 2020, the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database contained over 594 genetic conditions. Tremors can originate due to improper functioning of certain areas of the brain or due to genetic inheritance and is prominently observed in people above 60 years of age and mostly in males. It is present as symptoms in many neurodegenerative disorders like stroke, Parkinson’s, and multiple sclerosis. Many dosage forms have been developed for the treatment of tremors, which include tablets, transdermal patches, sustained release, injectables, and sublingual. The intranasal route of drug delivery is an emerging type of novel delivery system and can be a useful tool for treatment. By following pathways like the trigeminal and olfactory nerve pathways, prominent drug bioavailability in the brain, rapid absorption of drugs, and reduced side effects are achieved. In this review, we have discussed the classification of tremors, the...
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