Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2026 in |
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a significant health problem and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, mainly because of delayed diagnosis and the presence of multiple clones and a lack of effective treatment. Targeted therapies and immunotherapy offer limited survival gains, and often result in drug resistance, toxicity and high expense. One of the major factors that contributes to therapeutic failure is the inactivity of the tumor suppressor p53 which leads to resistance and apoptosis. Natural compounds have proven to be multi-targeted agents of interest in this context. The bioactive compound of Allium sativum, allicin (diallyl thiosulfinate), has been noted for its p53-independent anticancer properties. This review compiles the current evidence of allicin’s anticancer activities related to its ability to generate ROS, to disrupt mitochondrial functions, to activate caspases, and to regulate key signaling pathways in HCC. It underscores studies suggesting that some of these mechanisms can act without p53 signaling, but there is a lack of direct evidence from the HCC models that have been validated in p53...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2026 in |
Migraine is a multifactorial neurovascular disorder involving activation of the trigeminovascular system, cortical spreading depression (CSD), neurogenic inflammation, and dysregulation of calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) signaling. Conventional oral and parenteral therapies are limited by brain penetration, first-pass metabolism, and systemic adverse effects. The review highlights a polyherbal nanoemulsion- based intranasal drug delivery system as a targeted and non-invasive strategy for migraine management. The intranasal route enables direct nose-to- brain transport through the olfactory and trigeminal neural pathways, facilitating rapid drug delivery to key brain regions while bypassing the blood brain barrier, minimizes systemic exposure, and enhances drug bioavailability. The proposed nanoemulsion incorporates three bioactive phytoconstituents: thymoquinone (Nigella sativa), withanolides (Withaniya somnifera), and menthol (Mentha piperita), which collectively target multiple interconnected migraine pathways. Thymoquinone exerts potent anti- inflammatory and antioxidant effects by downregulating nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-KB), inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6). Withanolides demonstrate neuroprotective and anti-stress activity by modulating the hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, reducing cortisol levels, and preventing neuronal apoptosis through antioxidant enzyme upregulation. Menthol activates transient receptor...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2026 in |
Cutaneous warts are common benign proliferative lesions caused by human papillomavirus and remain a therapeutic challenge because of recurrence, cost, and limited accessibility of some conventional treatments. This study evaluated the phytochemical profile, preliminary anti-inflammatory activity, and feasibility of green synthesis of magnesium oxide nanoparticles using hydroethanolic leaf extract of Ficus sycomorus. The extract was subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening, total phenolic content estimation, in-vitro anti-inflammatory assessment using the egg albumin denaturation assay, and preliminary nanoparticle biosynthesis and characterization. Phytochemical screening indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, glycosides, and phenolic compounds, while total phenolic content was estimated at 2.64 mg TAE/g extract. In the egg albumin denaturation assay, the crude extract exhibited concentration-dependent inhibition of protein denaturation, increasing from 26% at 50 µg/mL to 80% at 1000 µg/mL, compared with 35–83% for diclofenac. Green synthesis mediated by Ficus sycomorus extract produced approximately 387.52 mg of magnesium-containing precipitate. FTIR analysis suggested the involvement of plant phytochemicals in particle formation or stabilization, while UV–Vis spectroscopy showed an absorption peak...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2026 in |
Rapid, reliable sublingual medication absorption is nevertheless hampered by poor water solubility and sluggish breakdown. However, by employing hydrophilic carriers to disperse the drug with limited water solubility in the hydrophilic matrix, improving the wettability and rate of dissolution and raising the bioavailability of drug with limited aqueous solubility, solid dispersion technology can effectively overcome these obstacles. In particular, solid dispersions will be critically assessed in relation to sublingual drug delivery methods in this review of the literature, focusing on the physiological attributes of the sublingual mucosa, the classifications and evolution of solid dispersion systems, the types of drugs that are suitable for solid dispersions, carrier selection, and drug release mechanisms. The review will also discuss solid dispersions for the enhancement of dissolution rate, reduce doses, provide a means of masking taste and providing a uniform release of drug. Recent developments associated with synthetic, natural, and modified hydrophilic carriers will also be summarized. Some of the major challenges associated with solid dispersions will also be highlighted, including physical stability...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2026 in |
Introduction: Zanthoxylum humile, a medicinal plant belonging to the Rutaceae family, has been used for many years in traditional medicine to treat various illnesses. Zanthoxylum plants have been used to treat infections caused by parasites (malaria, leishmaniasis, trypanosomiasis, and other parasitic diseases), as well as sickle cell disease, tumors, and bacterial, fungal, and viral infections. However, there is very little scientific research on the ethnomedical claims around Z. humile. The present study aims to explore the phytoconstituents of the hydroethanolic bark extract, screen for antioxidant activity, and determine the plant’s safety. Methods: Zanthoxylum humile bark was subjected to maceration using hydroethanolic solvent to obtain an extract. Phytochemical screening was performed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) to identify bioactive compounds. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH assay. Acute oral toxicity was evaluated in accordance with the OECD 425 guideline to determine the safety profile of the extract. Results: GC–MS analysis revealed multiple bioactive phytochemicals, including 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol, resorcinol, and copaene, supporting the therapeutic relevance of Zanthoxylum humile. The extract...
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