Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2012 in |
A new spectrophotometric method is developed for the determination of artesunate (ARTS) in pharmaceutical preparation and bulk drug. The method involved heat-catalyzed derivatization of the drug with acetic anhydride and concentrated sulphuric acid producing a yellow coloured product peaking at 420.6 nm. The optimum conditions of the reaction and the analytical procedures of the assay were established. Under the optimum conditions, linear relationship with good correlation coefficient (0.9994) was found between the absorbance and the concentration of ARTS in the range of 4 – 60 µg mL-1. The limit of detection was found to be 0.72 µg mL-1 and quantitation limit was 1.8 µg mL-1. The analytical performance of the method was validated and the results were satisfactory. The developed method was successfully validated and applied for the determination of artesunate in bulk and pharmaceutical formulation without any interference from common...
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Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2012 in |
Melt extrusion process which is well known in the polymer and food industry is now being used for pharmaceutical manufacturing to create innovative new formulations and is a continuous process of mixing and designing moldable materials. It is one of the most widely applied processing techniques useful for preparing solid dosage forms, granules, pellets, suppositories, implants, stents, ophthalmic inserts, transdermal and transmucosal drug delivery systems. Also this technique is used in Taste Masking, Solubility Enhancement, and Sustained-Release Pellets Manufacturing. Several advantages over other techniques include cost and performance benefits such as a faster path to FDA approval for new compounds, possible re-indication for existing active pharmaceutical ingredient (APIs), controllable bioavailability, possible lower doses, and probable lower production costs. Hot-melt extrusion efficiently produces solid molecular dispersions with considerable advantages over solvent-based processes such as spray drying and co-precipitation. In general, high temperatures have to be applied to extrude polymeric carriers. Melt extruded dosage forms are complex mixtures of API, excipients, and polymer carrier which are blended using single and twin-screw...
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Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2012 in |
In the present study, an attempt has been made to formulate and evaluate orodispersible tablets of meclizine hydrochloride by using direct compression via employing different excipients in different ratio including: superdisintegrants {sodium starch glycolate (SSG), crosscarmellose sodium (CCS), crosspovidone (CP), and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC)} which were used alone and in combination, solid dispersion of MHCl in microcrystalline cellulose, diluents: lactose, granulated lactose, and mannitol, along with lubricant and glidants. The prepared formulas were evaluated for pre and post compression parameters including bulk density, tapped density, Carr’s index, angle of repose, weight variation, thickness, friability, hardness, in vitro disintegration and dispersion time, wetting time, and water absorption ratio. The formulas containing granulated lactose (as diluent) showed good flow properties. Increasing concentration of three superdisintegrants (CP, SSG, and CCS) was accompanied with an increase in disintegration time (DT) while the disintegration time was decreased with an increase in concentration of MCC. Depending on the obtained results, formula 11 (F11) which contains 4% W/W CP, 10% W/W MCC was selected as an...
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Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2012 in |
The kinetics of oxidation of amitriptyline by potassium permanganate in aqueous sulphuric acid medium at 298K and at a constant ionic strength of 0.20 mol dm-3 has been investigated spectrophotometrically. The reaction exhibits 5:4 stoichiometry (5 Amitriptyline:4 KMnO4). The reaction was first order with respect to manganese(VII) concentration. The order with respect to amitriptyline was found to be less than unity (0.80). Increase in acid concentration increased the rate. The order with respect to acid concentration was also less than unity (0.40). The effect of added products, ionic strength and dielectric constant has been studied on the rate of reaction. The oxidation products were identified by using 2, 4 DNP derivative, IR, GCMS spectral studies. A suitable mechanism was proposed on the basis of experimental results. The reaction constants involved in the different steps of the reaction mechanism were calculated. The activation parameters with respect to slow step of the mechanism was determined and...
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Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2012 in |
Introduction: Glaucoma valves have been used in the treatment of glaucoma in the cases where medications no longer show the appropriate results. Due to the various complications in molteno, other glaucoma valves such as Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) were introduced. Ahmed glaucoma valve has proved to be very useful in the management of glaucoma. This review thus summarizes how far AGV has been successful in the management of glaucoma. Methods: Various case studies were taken into consideration in this review. The studies were retrospective amongst which some were randomized and others non-randomized. Patients with different kind of glaucoma such as Aphakic and Neovascular were selected and implanted with AGV. The results of the success rate were then compiled and summarized. Results: AGV was found to be not a very successful implant in the management of Traumatic, Congenital and Uveitic glaucoma as compared to the Baerveldt implant. But the success was well observed in other types. It was also observed that the AGV required use of, more medications than others...
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