Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2012 in |
Tuberculosis (TB) is a growing international health concern and it is estimated that a third of the world’s population is currently infected with TB. The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR)-TB has greatly increased difficulties in its treatment and control. Therefore, the present study was perceived to check the status of tuberculosis at Kanpur, one of the largest city of Uttar Pradesh and oldest industrial townships of North India. Study was also aimed to understand the expectation and mindset of community/patients regarding the services of a pharmacist in the maintenance or restoration of health. The study was conducted on the TB patients attending different outpatient and or inpatient department of local and government hospital, clinics, in Kanpur city and necessary information had been collected through questionnaire by making couple of visit and follow-up counseling. It was amazing to know through the study that knowledge and awareness about such common and chronic diseases was either very poor or there was none implementation for prevention and control. The healthcare services of pharmacist...
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Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2012 in |
Marine sponges, the sessile invertebrates of the Phylum porifera are invaluable tool in current research. They remain as a goldmine to chemist and pharmacologist due to its defensive weapons, the secondary metabolites. Endogenous peptides from marine sponges and associated microorganisms are promising lead compound for drug development. Some of the compounds are under clinical trials. These peptides can act against variety of diseases in humans including bacterial, fungal, protozoan, HIV, inflammatory and even tumor. This review focuses on sponge symbiotic association with other organisms, significance of peptides as secondary metabolites and its pharmacological effects by highlighting its role as ant- bacterial, anti- fungal, anti- HIV and anti- tumor agents. Sponge-microbial associations are found to be very specific in the production of particular bioactive...
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Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2012 in |
Magnetic modulated drug delivery system addresses the major problem of initial biodistribution of drug carrier. It involves the use of particulate carriers to a localized diseased site. Magnetic microspheres can be used for site-specific drug targeting as in case of tumors, magnetic bioseparation and also can be used for non-targeted drug delivery as in case of contrast agents (MRI) and drug reservoirs that can be activated by a magnet of suitable strength applied outside the body. This delivery system has the distinct advantage of locally congregating high concentrations of the drug at the diseased site thereby minimizing drug requirement and side effects. Though it is expensive and requires high technical approach, it can be adapted to any part of the body. Various magnetic microspheres developed include magnetic nanoparticles, magnetically resealed erythrocytes and magnetic liposomes. Stereotaxis Inc. and FeRx Inc., are major commercial developers of magnetic guidance system for the medical...
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Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2012 in |
Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes of Schiff bases derived from condensation of 4-anisaldehyde with anisidine, (AAN) or 2,4 dinitrophenylhydrazine ,(ADN) have been prepared in 1:2 molar ratio (metal:ligand). The compounds have been characterized using elemental analysis, electronic spectra, infrared and molar conductance measurements. The infrared data revealed that the ligand, AAN behaved as a tridentate ligand. It coordinated to the metal ions via the N and two O atoms of the ligand. ADN behaved as a bidentate ligand coordinating through the O and N atoms of the ligand. The electronic spectral data indicates that the compounds are six coordinate. The molar conductance values showed that the complexes are non-electrolytes. The compounds were screened in vitro for antibacterial activity against some pathogenic bacteria: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus using the agar-well diffusion method. The synthesized Schiff base complexes exhibit higher antibacterial activity against the tested pathogens compared to the free Schiff base because of...
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Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2012 in |
Bilayered tablet is an important pharmaceutical technology for the successful development of controlled release formulation along with various features to provide a way of successful drug delivery system. Bi-layer tablet is suitable for sequential release of two drugs in combination, to separate incompatible substances and also formulating sustained release tablet in which one layer is immediate release as initial dose and second layer is maintenance dose. Now days the pharmaceutical companies are currently developing bi-layer tablets due to variety of reasons such as patent extension, therapeutic benefit and a marketing strategy. To reduce capital investment, quite often existing but modified tablet presses are used to develop and produce such tablets. This article explains about different techniques of bilayered tablet preparation the development and production of bilayered tablets needs to be carried out on purpose built tablet presses to overcome common bilayered problems such as layer separation, insufficient hardness, and inaccurate individual layer weight control, cross-contamination between the layers, reduced yield and evaluation of bilayered...
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