Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2026 in |
Prostate cancer remains a significant global health burden, with traditional medicinal plants often used for its management, although without scientific validation. This study assessed the in-vitro anti-prostatic carcinoma activity of Senegalia ataxacantha hydroethanol extract (SA) and its triterpenoids (SA1/SA2: friedelin; SA3: friedelin/friedelinol mixture; SA4: β-sitosterol) in prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP, VCaP, 22Rv1, PC-3, DU-145) and normal RWPE-1 cells. Cell viability was assessed following 24- and 48-hour treatments with SA (10 µg/mL), SA1–SA4 (10 µM), and abiraterone (10 µM) using the Alamar Blue assay. Molecular docking was performed using AutoDock Vina, and pharmacokinetic predictions were performed using the Protox servers.SA exhibited potent cytotoxicity, reducing LNCaP viability to 9.54 ± 5.59% and VCaP to 25.36 ± 0.52%. Friedelin showed stronger effects in VCaP (19.38 ± 0.14%) than LNCaP (73.99 ± 0.28%). The friedelin/friedelinol mixture and β-sitosterol were effective in LNCaP (38.55 ± 0.43%, 14.24 ± 0.09%) and VCaP (22.83 ± 0.16%, 25.50 ± 0.59%). In androgen-independent lines, SA reduced 22Rv1 viability to 37.63 ± 0.97%, with weaker effects in PC-3...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2026 in |
Background: Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is a key enzyme involved in dopamine metabolism in the brain. Genetic variation in the COMT gene, particularly the rs4680 (Val158Met) polymorphism, alters enzyme activity and influences dopamine availability in the prefrontal cortex. These differences can affect cognition, emotional regulation, stress response, and sensitivity to neuropsychiatric medications. Given India’s high genetic diversity, population-specific evaluation of COMT variants is essential for personalized neuropharmacology. Objectives: To examine the functional and neurophysiological impact of common COMT gene polymorphisms in the Indian population using bioinformatic and simulation-based approaches. Methods: An in-silico descriptive study was conducted using allele frequency data from the IndiGenomes database. Five functionally relevant COMT variants (rs4680, rs4633, rs6269, rs4818, and rs737865) were analyzed. Functional effects were assessed using established computational prediction tools. Genotype frequencies were simulated in a hypothetical Indian cohort of 1,000 individuals based on Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium to infer dopamine tone and predicted drug response patterns. Results: The analysis demonstrated marked interindividual variability in COMT activity and predicted dopamine levels. Variants associated with reduced COMT function...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2026 in |
Background: Detection of metabolic non-communicable disease in the community depends on whether individuals recognise the concept of clustered cardiometabolic risk, perceive that they may be affected, and have been clinically diagnosed. Whether these three subjective channels track objectively measured risk has not been studied in the same individuals. Methods: Community-based cross-sectional survey of 458 consenting adults (aged ≥18 years) attending voluntary cardiometabolic health camps in and around Varanasi district, Uttar Pradesh, India, between 2024 and 2026. Recruitment was a camp-based convenience sample and is not population-representative. We measured waist-hip ratio (WHR; central obesity defined as >0.90 in men and >0.85 in women) and seated blood pressure (BP) in duplicate using a calibrated digital oscillometric device; screen-positive elevated BP was defined as mean systolic ≥140 mmHg or diastolic ≥90 mmHg. Awareness of metabolic syndrome, a 9-item self-perceived symptom checklist, and prior physician-given diagnosis of hypertension, diabetes, obesity, dyslipidaemia, or heart disease were captured by a structured Hindi-language interview. Three pre-specified analyses tested whether each subjective channel tracked the objective markers:...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2026 in |
Background: Endothelial dysfunction is a major contributor to the vascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as promising biomarkers and potential modulators of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to investigate the expression profiles of selected circulating miRNAs in a rat model of T2DM induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and low-dose streptozotocin (STZ). Methods: Male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups and subjected to dietary and chemical interventions to induce T2DM. Serum and circulating miRNAs were isolated and quantified using real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). The expression levels of miR-126, miR-30a-5p were analyzed across control and diabetic groups, with U6 small nuclear RNA as an internal control. Results: The diabetic groups exhibited significant downregulation of miR-126, suggesting its protective role in vascular integrity and metabolic regulation. In contrast, miR-30a-5p was markedly upregulated in response to High-Fat Diet + STZ (HFD+STZ) induced metabolic stress, implicating it in diabetes-associated metabolic disturbances. Notably, combined HFD and STZ exposure further amplified these alterations...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2026 in |
Three-dimensional (3D) printing-based customised gastro-retentive drug delivery systems (GRDDS) present an innovative strategy for managing peptic ulcer disease by addressing the limitations of traditional dosage forms through precision manufacturing and patient-specific customisation. Conventional GRDDS exhibit significant variability in bioavailability due to differences in gastric physiology. This review highlights advanced 3D printing techniques, including fused deposition modelling (FDM), direct ink writing, inkjet printing, and binder jetting, which facilitate the development of floating systems with controlled lag times and extended floating durations. Systems produced using FDM significantly enhance relative bioavailability compared to immediate-release forms and notably reduce peak plasma concentration. Direct ink writing considerably reduces intersubject variability and allows for the incorporation of thermolabile active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Furthermore, 3D printing enables the spatial separation of multiple APIs, dose individualisation based on factors such as body mass index and gastric motility, and cost-effective on-demand production with significantly lower manufacturing expenses. Pre-formulation studies employing thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, and solubility profiling confirmed formulation stability and...
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