Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2026 in |
Kwatha Kalpana is a fundamental pharmaceutical dosage form in Ayurveda, widely used as a base for multiple formulations. Variations in preparation techniques such as water proportion, heating duration, and extraction methods may significantly influence phytochemical composition and therapeutic efficacy. The present study aimed to comparatively evaluate the effect of different Kwatha preparation techniques on the qualitative and quantitative presence of Arjunic acid in Arjuna Kwatha using High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC). Authenticated Arjuna bark was processed and Kwatha was prepared using four techniques: conventional method (16 and 8 parts water), time-based method (1–4 hours boiling), Soxhlet extraction (60°C, 80°C, 100°C), and pressure cooker method (30 minutes). A total of ten batches were analyzed. Pharmaceutical parameters such as time, fuel consumption, and yield were recorded. HPTLC fingerprinting and quantification were performed using Arjunic acid as a marker compound. Results showed maximum Arjunic acid content in Soxhlet extraction at 100°C (0.0181%), followed by the conventional method with 8 parts water (0.0166%). Time-based heating showed gradual increase in marker content, while the...
Read More
Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2026 in |
Oxidative stress results from an imbalance between the generation of reactive oxygen species and the body’s antioxidant defense mechanisms, leading to cellular damage. Antioxidants play a vital role in neutralizing free radicals and preventing oxidative injury. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the in-vitro antioxidant activity of synthesized 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole–benzothiazole derivatives using the Oyaizu reducing power method. Compound C3 and Compound V3 [2-(5′-substituted phenyl)-1′,3′,4′-oxadiazol-2′-yl amino)-6-fluoro-7-substituted (1,3)-benzothiazole derivatives], were assessed for their reducing ability by measuring the conversion of ferric ions (Fe3+) to ferrous ions (Fe2+) at 700 nm. Ascorbic acid was used as the standard antioxidant. Both compounds exhibited concentration-dependent antioxidant activity in the range of 20–120 µg/mL. Compound V3 showed a 34.65% increase in reducing power, while compound C3 showed a 32.33% increase at 120 µg/mL concentration. The results indicate that the synthesized 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole–benzothiazole derivatives may have antioxidant qualities based on their observed reducing potential. However, further research is needed to validate their biological relevance, including in-vivo studies, acute toxicity assessments, and other antioxidant...
Read More
Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2026 in |
Autoimmune diseases represent a major global health challenge, arising from the failure of the immune system to distinguish between self and non-self, leading to the destruction of healthy tissues. This breakdown of immune tolerance results in chronic inflammation, progressive tissue damage, and debilitating conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. Despite advances in conventional immunosuppressive therapies, current treatments often lack specificity and may cause systemic side effects, highlighting the need for targeted therapeutic strategies. Regulatory T cells (Tregs), a specialized subset of CD4⁺ T lymphocytes characterized by the expression of CD25 and the transcription factor FOXP3, play a crucial role in maintaining immune homeostasis. They function as key immunological regulators by suppressing excessive immune responses through cytokine secretion (IL-10, TGF-β), direct cell-to-cell interactions, and modulation of cytokine availability such as IL-2. Dysfunction, deficiency, or imbalance of Tregs contributes significantly to the pathogenesis and progression of autoimmune diseases. This study explores the biological role of Tregs in immune regulation, their involvement in the development of autoimmune...
Read More
Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2026 in |
Siva Nama Rasam (SNR) is a traditional Siddha herbo-mineral formulation used to manage pain and inflammation. The present study evaluated its anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities in rodent models. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed in Wistar albino rats using carrageenan-induced paw edema, while analgesic activity was evaluated in Swiss albino mice using the hot plate test. Animals were divided into control, standard, and three SNR treatment groups at low, mid, and high doses. In the carrageenan-induced paw edema model, high-dose SNR (18 mg/kg) significantly reduced paw volume, with maximum inhibition of 93.36% at 5 hours (P < 0.001), comparable to indomethacin (95.58%). Mid-dose SNR (15 mg/kg) showed 80.09% inhibition (P < 0.001), while low-dose (12 mg/kg) achieved 27.88% inhibition. In the hot plate test, high-dose (25 mg/kg) SNR increased reaction time by 71.80% at 120 minutes (P < 0.001), mid-dose (21 mg/kg) by 49.29% (P < 0.001), and low-dose (17 mg/kg) by 20.33% (P < 0.01), compared to control, whereas pentazocine produced 99.04% increase. Results indicate a clear dose-dependent response for...
Read More
Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2026 in |
Objective: Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of Minocycline: an experimental study. Background: Recently some studies have shown that minocycline may have pleiotropic biologic activities besides its antimicrobial activity. Due to these actions, minocycline may be useful in the treatment of pathological conditions in which acute or chronic inflammation is involved, such as rheumatoid arthritis, neurodegenerative and dermatological diseases. Methods: Wistar rats of either sex weighing 180-250 g were used for evaluating anti-inflammatory activity of minocycline (100mg/kg i.p.) by carrageenan induced rat paw edema and formalin induced arthritis models were used. Results: Minocycline in the dose 100mg/kg showed statistically significant anti-inflammatory activity in both acute and chronic model of inflammation i.e. Carrageenan- induced pawoedema and Formalin – induced arthritis model respectively. Conclusion: Minocycline possesses anti-inflammatory activity. However, further studies need to be carried out to evaluate its anti-inflammatory...
Read More
