Posted by admin on Sep 1, 2014 in |
This article aimed to evaluate the effect of valerian on a single dose kinetic of carbamazepine in rabbits. Five healthy male rabbits in a randomized, two-crossover design were enrolled in this study. Rabbits were divided into two groups; the first received a single dose of 100 mg carbamazepine (CBZ) suspension. The second group received CBZ 100 mg suspension concurrently with valerian (VAL) 25 mg dry extract. After a washout period of one week, the doses were given in a reverse manner. Blood samples were collected over 24 hours. Serum was assayed for CBZ using chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA). Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters were determined for CBZ in both cases using non-compartmental analysis. Statistically insignificant differences P ≥ 0.05 were found in PK parameters when CBZ was given alone or concurrently with VAL; the values were Cmax 6.52 ± 1.6 µg/ml versus 5.32 ± 1.4 µg/ml, tmax 2.6 ± 0.9 h versus 3.3 ± 0.9 h, AUC0-24 83.80 ± 28.8 µg·h/ml versus 60.4 ± 12 µg·h/ml, AUC0-∞ 166.20 ± 74 µg·h/ml...
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Posted by admin on Sep 1, 2014 in |
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), a bacterium that causes skin infection as a result of skin colonization, is becoming increasingly resistant to many commonly used antibiotics. Andrographis paniculata (A. paniculata) or hempedu bumi, traditionally used for the treatment of inflammation and infection, in extract form has been shown to exhibited anti-bacterial activity against various bacteria. This study aims to examine the anti-bacterial properties of A. paniculata towards S. aureus and formulate A. paniculata into cream to determine its anti-bacterial properties. Plant extraction using water was performed at Forest Research Institute Malaysia. Different concentrations (5%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) of aqueous extract of and cream containing A. paniculata were used in the disc diffusion method for determination of antibacterial activity towards S. aureus. The creams were evaluated physically and chemically. Microbiological pre- and post-testing were carried out for both extract and cream formulations to determine their anti-bacterial properties. Both extract and cream containing A. paniculata showed good anti-bacterial properties against S. aureus. The anti-bacterial activities were proportional to the concentration...
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Posted by admin on Sep 1, 2014 in |
Simple and sensitive spectrophotometric Method (A) and spectrofluorimetric Method (B) were described for the analysis of oxcarbazepine. The proposed methods were based on the oxidation of the drug with cerium (IV) ion in acidic medium with subsequent measurement of either the decrease in absorbance at 321 nm or the fluorescence intensity of the produced cerous (III) ion at 363 nm emission after excitation at 256 nm. All variables that affect the decrease in absorbance or the fluorescence intensity such as the concentration of cerium (IV), reaction time and temperature, and the diluting solvent were studied and optimized. Beer’s low was obeyed in the range of 0.25 – 2.5 µg ml-1 and 80 – 720 ng ml-1. LOD and LOQ were found to be 0.01 and 0.241 µg ml-1 and 17.8 and 59.33 ng ml-1 for the method (A) and method (B), respectively. These methods were validated and successfully applied to the determination of oxcarbazepine tablets with an average percent recovery ± RSD% of 100.32 ± 0.283 and 100.03 ±...
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Posted by admin on Sep 1, 2014 in |
Solvent used for preparing binder solution in a wet granulation process is one of the major factors which dictate the granule properties. Aim of our current research was to understand the effect of solvents on flow properties of Microcrystalline Cellulose granules prepared using Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose as a binder by using rheological tools and subsequently studying the effect of relative humidity on the rheology of dried granules. Granules were prepared by using 2.5% w/w binder solution in water and water: ethanol mixture (20:80 v/v). Prepared granules were dried, sieved, and further analyzed. Effect of relative humidity on the flowability of dried granules was studied at 22%, 52%, 75% RH at room temperature for 48 hours. Modulated Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Powder rheometer were used to study the thermal and flow properties of wet, dried, and humidity exposed granules. Results show that the hydro-alcoholic batches show greater resistance to flow in wet granule stage. But, its dried granules display good flow characteristics as evident from Basic flowability energy values. Bulk density...
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Posted by admin on Sep 1, 2014 in |
In cancers, many signals were involved in self-renewal, differentiation and proliferation. Especially, Wnt signaling pathway plays crucial impact in stem cells and cancer development. Wnt genes were involved in the stimulation of Wt signaling pathway in stem cells development. Despite, mutation and overexpression of Wnt genes induced regulation of carcinogenesis. Out of 19 Wnt genes, each Wnt gene has a crucial role in the growth of stem cells and cancer stem cells. In cancer stem cells, aberrant expression of Wnt genes implicated a variety of cancer. Clinical studies, Inhibition of Wnt signaling pathway one of the expensive strategies of cancer therapy. Drugs were developed against cancer development based on inhibition of abnormality of Wnt...
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