Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2021 in |
The synthetic pyrethroids used in agriculture also absorb rapidly via different routes and slowly accumulate into various vital tissues and cause adverse effects on the health status of animals. It leads to produce a number of biochemical changes at the level of nucleic acids. The freshwater fish Ctenopharyn godonidella was exposed to sublethal concentrations (1/10th of LC50 value) of λ- cyhalothrin 5% EC for a period of 1, 4, 8 and 12 days to study the toxic impacts on DNA and RNA contents in various organs such as gill, muscle liver-kidney, and brain. In control fish, DNA content was in the order of Muscle (35.78)> Liver (34.17) > Kidney (28.74) > Brain (25.60) > Gill (18.71) and RNA was in the order of Kidney (37.15) > Muscle (36.45) > Liver (32.68) > Brain (28.15) > Gill (22.56). In the present study under sublethal concentrations of λ- cyhalothrin on day 12the percent depletion of DNA content in the test tissues were in the order of: Brain (21.43) > Gill (16.36)...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2020 in |
The objective was to develop and validate an easy, economical, fast, reliable, reproducible, precise and accurate reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the estimation of tapentadol hydrochloride (TAP, a mu opioid-receptor agonist, and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor) in the bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. The chromatographic separation was achieved by using the HPLC system equipped with a C-18(2) column (250 × 4.6 mm, Particle size 5µm) at wavelength 217 nm. The mobile phase consisting of Potassium phosphate buffer: Acetonitrile (50:50 v/v) was used in isocratic mode. The flow rate was fixed at 1.0 mL/min with a continuous run up to 5 min, while the retention time was located near about 2.5 min. In the concentration range of 60-160 µgmL-1, the detector response was found linear with linear regressed equation Y=22791X+120122. In the assay of TAP, 99.65% of the drug was recovered. This method proved a satisfactory validation for all the parameters such as accuracy, linearity, specificity, precision, range, ruggedness, robustness, reproducibility, and peak purity assessment as per ICH guidelines. The results...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2020 in |
Kutki (Picrorrhiza kurroa) is a medicinal herb with remarkable pharmacological properties. However, poor solubility of the active principles limits its medicinal value. This study sought to prepare kutki phospholipid complex in phospholipids such as phosphatidyl choline in order to improve its solubility and permeability. Kutki phospholipid complex (phytosome) was prepared by solvent evaporation method. The study was conducted using central composite design (CCD) with a 33 designs and total of 20 experimental runs. The complex was characterized for solubility, entrapment efficiency, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), particle size and zeta potential, Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), drug release, and in-vitro antioxidant activity. The optimized batch showed substantial enhancement of solubility and entrapment efficiency. FTIR study indicates the interaction between phosphatidylcholine and Kutki extract. SEM showed the surface morphology of complex depicting the conversion of crystalline drug into amorphous complex. The in-vitro release was significantly higher for the complex (93.43%) than the drug (19.65%) after 7 h. Enhanced solubility, absorption and antioxidant effect may...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2020 in |
A simple and rapid reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic technique was developed and validated for the determination of Luliconazole in the presence of its excipients. Chromatographic elution was performed on a binary gradient HPLC equipped with PDA detector using a Luna-5µ C8(2) 100 Å column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) with orthophosphoric acid (0.1%) and methanol (20:80% w/v) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min. The method follows Beer-Lambert’s law over a concentration range 0.1-200 μg/mL (y = 53981x + 25076, R2 = 0.999). The LOD and LOQ were found to be 0.068 µg/mL and 0.206 µg/mL indicating the sensitivity of the method with the required precision and accuracy. The method proved to be specific as there was no interference from the commonly used excipients in a formulation like methylparaben and also in the presence of degradants when exposed to a variety of stress conditions (acidic, alkaline, oxidation, thermal, hydrolytic and photolytic degradations). It was observed that Luliconazole was more sensitive towards alkaline conditions, and hence...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2020 in |
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that causes high levels of blood glucose level in that 90% of the diabetic population accounts for type 2 diabetes mellitus it also has secondary complications like Cardiovascular disorder, Renal impairment, and susceptibility to infections. Empagliflozin is a potentially highly selective Sodium-glucose co-transportace-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus alone or in combination with the metformin or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors. The literature entitles the various analytical techniques like UV spectroscopy, High Performance Liquid Chromatography, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography, Liquid Chromatography-Mass spectrometry. In this literature, we reviewed the various analytical, stability studies, impurity profiling and bio-analytical methods used for the estimation of Empagliflozin. This review gives the concise and collective information about the analytical validating parameters like Limit of detection (LOD), Limit of Quantification (LOQ), Standard Curve, Accuracy & Precision for the analysis of Empagliflozin alone or in combination with the Linagliptin or Metformin. This review helps to carryout further analytical studies on the mentioned...
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