Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2018 in |
This manuscript presents the application of a detailed set of analytical technologies to the content of assorted micronutrient supplement and mineral supplement products on the market in the city of Concepcion, Chile. We applied TXRF as a screening technique for the evaluation of 1) The vitamin B-12 content in multivitamins and 2) the elemental composition (P, K, Ca, Mn, Cr, Fe, Cu and Zn) in mineral supplements. The analyzed 16 products (10 sold as pills, 3 as syrups, and 3 as solutions for intramuscular injections), were acquired directly from drugstores without medical prescription. They were processed in 3 different laboratories in order to avoid systematic errors. In the samples we evaluated: 1) The presence of the specified elements, 2) The correlation between the labelled contents and our evaluations; and 3) The possible presence of harmful elements for human health. In this study few anomalies were found: 1) in some products there are significant differences between the concentrations labelled and our evaluations. 2) The absence of cobalt in four of...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2018 in |
Ionotropic gelation, a characteristic property, has become one of the easy, simple and mild ways of encapsulating variety of drugs, enzymes and proteins, prepared by various polysaccharides. The externally cross linked beads with calcium chloride and zinc chloride were suitable for water soluble and low molecular weight drugs. Insulin, encapsulated in a calcium pectinate gel beads by dispersing the insulin and core cross linking agent in a Solution of pectin, beads are prepared by dropping the dispersion in calcium chloride by inotropic gelation. The purpose of study was to improve the entrapment efficiency of high molecular weight drugs like insulin with internally cross-linking agents like calcium carbonate. Calcium pectinate beads containing insulin was prepared by surface cross linking with 1% and 5% w/v calcium chloride solution using calcium carbonate as internal gelling agent. Beads obtained using 1% w/v calcium chloride solution showed more drug entrapment than 5% calcium chloride solution. The core and surface cross linking of pectin beads improves drug loading by about 10 – 20% compared to...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2018 in |
This research aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of methanolic, aqueous, chloroformic and petroleum ether extracts of Rubia tinctorum roots against two gram positive and two gram negative bacteria using agar well-diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using microdilution method. Extracts were dissolved in DMSO to obtain a concentration of 10% (w/v), and the density of bacterial suspension was 1.5 × 108 cfu/ml. Results showed that methanolic extract showed antibacterial activity against both gram negative and gram positive bacteria with minimum inhibitory concentration ranging from 0.1562 to 0.3125 mg/ml, while aqueous extract showed no activity against the tested bacteria. However, chloroformic extract showed antibacterial activity only against Escherichia coli with minimum inhibitory concentration value of 2.5 mg/ml. But petroleum ether extract showed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus with minimum inhibitory concentration ranging from 0.3125 to 1.25 mg/ml. But in conclusion, methanolic extract was the most effective against all tested bacteria. Further studies are needed for pharmaceutical...
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Posted by admin on Sep 2, 2017 in |
A series of new Mannich base derivatives were designed, synthesized by conventional and non-conventional microwave method, compared and evaluated for their antimicrobial and anti-mycobacterial activity. Structures of the newly synthesized compounds were assigned on the basis of elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectral studies. The bioactive assay showed that Mannich base derivative 1c displayed encouraging anti-tubercular activity in vitro against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra using MABA method in primary screening. The antibacterial and antifungal efficacy of these derivatives using broth micro dilution method, showed potency for 1c against Escherichia coli, 1g against Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and 1j against Candida albicans in comparison with reference drugs. Furthermore, docking study has been performed for three different PDBs (3JZF, 4NZ9 and 2WHF) of different strains that showed good binding interactions. Moreover, the synthesized compounds were also analyzed for ADME properties and showed potential to build up as good oral drug...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2017 in |
Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and affects primarily the lungs. Breast tissue is remarkably resistant to tuberculosis. This is due to fact that it gives infertile environment for survival and multiplication of tubercle bacilli like skeletal muscle and spleen. The breast may become infected by variety of ways e.g. haematogenous, lymphatic, spread from contiguous structures, direct inoculation and ductal infection. The path of spread of disease from lungs to breast tissue was traced via trachea-bronchial, Para tracheal, mediastinal lymph trunk and internal mammary nodes. Scrofulous swelling of the bosom is the description given by Sir Astley Cooper who recorded first ever Breast Tuberculosis. It is usually seen in lactating young multiparous women and presents as lump in the central or upper outer quadrant of breast. It is occasionally mistaken as Carcinoma Breast or Breast Abscess. The overall incidence of tuberculosis Mastitis is reported to be 0.1 % of all breast lesions while in developing countries it constituted approximately 3.0 % of surgically treated breast...
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