Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2010 in |
The most important factor in developing pharmaceutical drug substances and drug products today is ensuring that the HPLC analytical test methods that are used to analyze the products generate reliable, reproducible and meaningful results. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and United States Pharmacopeia (USP) have each documented the importance of this to the drug development process and have separately increased validation requirements in recent years. A third source, the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH), has added requirements that, when combined with the previous two sources, have led to three different sets of validation requirements leaving us in ambiguity. This paper gives us a clear understanding over the validation requirements that should be satisfied by FDA, USP and ICH....
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Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2010 in |
Various extracts of Ailanthus excelsa bark evaluated for antifungal at a dose 1 mg/ml, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity at a dose 200 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg of body weight. The experimental methods were used cup plate method for antifungal and formalin induced rat hind paw oedema measured by plethysmograph (mercury displacement method) for anti-inflammatory and Tail flick method for analgesic activity. Flucanazole (1 mg/ml), diclofenac sodium (200 mg/kg, orally) and Novelgin (50 mg/kg, orally) clinically used drugs were used as standards. The ethyl acetate extract showed good antifungal activity against fungal strains A. terrus, A. niger and A. flavus at 1 mg/ml and the remaining extracts showed moderate activity compared to standard flucanzole. Extracts of Ailanthus excelsa bark showed significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity in the above...
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Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2010 in |
In this study, an attempt was made to prepare Mucoadhesive microspheres of Repaglinide using various Mucoadhesive polymers designed for oral controlled release. Microspheres containing the Mucoadhesive polymer chitosan hydrochloride, with matrix polymer Eudragit RS 100, Repaglinide as a model drug and agglomeration preventing agent magnesium stearate were prepared by the Emulsification solvent evaporation method. The amount of magnesium stearate is varied and the following methods were used for microspheres evaluation: drug content, dissolution determination, scanning electron microscopy and FTIR spectroscopy. The microspheres were evaluated for surface morphology and particle shape by scanning electron microscope. The microspheres were also evaluated for their microencapsulation efficiency, in vitro wash-off mucoadhesion test, and in vitro drug release. The microspheres were found to be spherical and free flowing. The microencapsulation efficiency was in the range of 61.44±1.16 to 78.90±1.17and microspheres exhibited good mucoadhesive property in the in vitro wash off test. The drug-polymer concentration of dispersed phase influences the particle size and drug release...
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Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2010 in |
Randomly amplified polymorphisms DNA (RAPD) has been widely used for authentication of plant species of medicinal importance. It is particularly useful in case of plants that are frequently substituted or adulterated with other species or varieties that are morphologically and/or phytochemically indistinguishable. In this study Hemidesmus indicus and its substitute plants were selected to develop gene and protein based coding for medicinal plants. DNA and protein was isolated from all the plants, i.e. the medicinal plant as well as the substitute plants. A modified DNA and protein extraction procedure was used for dry roots and powder of Hemidesmus indicus. Further a RAPD technique was used to develop DNA fingerprint pattern for all plants using self designed random primers. Sequence Characteristic Amplified Region (SCAR) marker was developed for Hemidesmus indicus. MALDI-TOF technique was used to differentiate between plant parts. Unique markers were developed for Hemidesmus indicus, to identify whether main plant is used or substitute plant, which part is added in...
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Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2010 in |
Antioxidants are compounds that protect cells against the damaging effects of reactive oxygen species which can neutralise free radicals before they can do harm and may help undo some damage already caused to specific cells. Studies subject that several natural products possessing antidiabetic, antitumor and also flavonoids containing drugs can also act as antioxidants. Ayurveda and various traditional systems of medicines claim that Clitoria ternatea (Fabaceae) has diuretic, antidiabetic, antipyretic and brain tonic activity. Acetone and Methanol extracts of Clitoria ternatea were screened for antioxidant activity. Phytochemical analysis reveals that the stem contains phytosterols, phenolic compound, flavonoids and carbohydrates. Presence of the above constituents was studied by preliminary phytochemical investigations and TLC. Various in vitro models were applied to evaluate anti oxidant property of these extracts. In vitro studies include Free Radical Scavenging Capacity (RSC) on DPPH Radicals, Scavenging capacity for hydroxyl radicals, (by measuring the degradation of 2 – deoxyribose with OH radicals generated in Fenton reaction), scavenging capacity for super oxide radicals (NBT reduction assay) and Antioxidant...
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