Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2010 in |
Nerium oleander L. is an important medicinal material in Chinese folk medicine. In early times it is assumed that all parts of the oleander plant are poisonous to humans, animals and certain insects but now a day’s numbers of pharmacological activities are determined by different scientists. Its main active constituents are polysaccharides, cardenolides, glycosides, and triterpenoids. The important pharmacological activities are antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anticancer and CNS depressant activity. This paper explains the evidence-based information regarding the phytochemistry and pharmacological activity of this plant....
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Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2010 in |
Molecules greater than 500 Da normally do not cross the skin. This prevents epicutaneous delivery of the high molecular weight therapeutics as well as non-invasive transcutaneous immunisation. Transfersomes are a form of elastic or deformable vesicle, which were first introduced in the early 1990s. Elasticity is generated by incorporation of an edge activator in the lipid bilayer structure. The original composition of these vesicles was soya phosphatidyl choline incorporating sodium cholate and a small concentration of ethanol. Transfersomes are applied in a non-occluded method to the skin and have been shown to permeate through the stratum corneum lipid lamellar regions as a result of the hydration or osmotic force in the skin. They have been used as drug carriers for a range of small molecules, peptides, proteins and vaccines, both in vitro and in vivo. Transfersomes penetrate through the stratum corneum and the underlying viable skin into the blood circulation in intact form. However, this has not been substantiated by other research groups who have extensively probed the mechanism of penetration...
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Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2010 in |
The route of choice for the treatment of ophthalmic diseases is by the topical route because of the blood ocular barrier. The most commonly utilized conventional preparations of ophthalmic dosage forms are the solutions, suspensions and ointments which are relatively inefficient as therapeutic systems. Following administration, a large proportion of the topically applied drug is immediately diluted in the tear film and excess fluid spills over the lid margin and the remainder is rapidly drained into the nasolacrimal duct so required amount of drug is not available for immediate therapeutic action since it binds to the surrounding extra orbital tissues. In view of these losses, frequent topical administration is necessary to maintain adequate drug levels. Systemic administration of a drug to treat ocular disease would require a high concentration of circulating drug in the plasma to achieve therapeutic levels. By using prolonged drug delivery, the duration of drug action can be remarkably prolonged and also the frequency of drug administration can be reduced. Such a drug delivery can be...
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Posted by admin on Feb 2, 2010 in |
In recent years Phosphatidylcholine has greatly impacted the drug delivery technology. The very first and most important advantage of phospholipid based vesicular system is the compatibility of phospholipids with membrane of human either internal membrane as well as skin (external membrane). For a drug to be absorbed and distributed into organs and tissues and eliminated from the body, it must pass through one or more biological membranes/ barriers at various locations. Such a movement of drug across the membrane is called as drug transport. For the drugs to be delivered to the body should cross the membranous barrier. Either it would be from oral route or topical/transdermal route. Therefore the phospholipid based carrier systems are of considerable interest in this era. A number of drug delivery systems are based entirely on Phosphatidylcholine such as Liposome, Ethosome, Phytosome, Transferosomes, and...
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Posted by admin on Feb 1, 2010 in |
Condensation of thiaourea with chloro acetic acid gave Thiazolidinedione which react with aromatic aldehyde and produce 5- benzylidine, 2, 4 Thiazolidinedione.To this different secondary amine was reacted and final derivatives was obtained. The structures of these compounds were established by means of IR, 1 H-NMR.All the compounds were evaluated for antidiabetic activities. Most of the compounds have shown significant antidiabetic activity when compared with the standard...
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