Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2020 in |
Discovery of New Chemical Entities (NCEs) is the result of a series of high throughput screening process after the successful design and synthesis scheme. The indole nucleus is an important heterocyclic compound containing nitrogen, and it has been a source of vital therapeutic agents. It is noteworthy in recent advances of synthetic, medicinal chemistry; the last decade has been witnessed with a multitude of reports on several indole derivatives corroborating these chemical entities to be an eminent target for the discovery of new drugs. Global research investigations published has outstanding impact attention for the scientists working on indole derivatives which transformed into various commercially approved indole candidate in the commercial market and there are several in the pipeline. This review highlighted recent achievements of indole lead molecules in biological, chemical, and pharmacological activity having diverse perspectives on how this indole moiety as a privileged structure may be browbeaten for elucidating salubrious biological...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2020 in |
The vertebrate immune system is composed of numerous distinct and interdependent components, and it consists of both systemic and mucosal immune compartments, but the mucosal immune system which protects the body from the first encounter of pathogens. β-defensins are a group of cysteine-rich cationic antimicrobial peptides that play an antimicrobial roles in the immune systems of vertebrates. Vertebrate defensins can be classified into α-, β, and θ-defensins based on their cysteine disulphide bonding. In the present study, we report the expression level of the β-defensin- 3 in the small intestine of the zebrafish after a bacterial challenge with Staphylococcus aureus with 100% and 50% concentrations. The results revealed that the β-defensin-3 was highly upregulated in both 100% and 50% concentration of the bacterial pathogen, and it plays an important role in the innate and mucosal immunity in...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2020 in |
Although serious systemic and cutaneous side effects need a novel delivery system that provides prolonged and controlled drug release, minimum systemic drug absorption with reduced side effects. Microsponge, a drug delivery system, possesses the versatility to load a wide range of active ingredients to facilitate the controlled release of active ingredients to reduce systemic exposure and to reduce side effects. Microsponges are polymeric sponges that consist of interconnecting voids with a non-flexible structure with a porous surface. Microsponge delivery technique provides extended product stability, enhanced safety, enhanced formulation flexibility, enhanced product efficacy, enhanced aesthetic appeal with reduced side effects. Therefore, this review provides an overview of microsponge technology with its methodology, mechanism, programmable release, and characterization of the microsponge delivery system. Review compiled recent data regarding marketed formulation, their applications, and the list of patents. This review also contains validation, stability guidelines, and examples of drug release profiles from microsponges. Microsponges are frequently used for topical use but recently used for oral...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2020 in |
Modernization and intensification of agricultural production is generally accompanied by a rapid increase in the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Ethion 50% EC is a broad-spectrum organophosphate insecticide used to control insects, mites, and nematodes by soil, foliar, and seed treatment applications, mainly on potatoes, sugar beet, rice, and maize, citrus. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of Ethion 50% EC pesticide on common carp Labeo rohita for the 96 h LC50 value was found 1.20 µg/l and observed the behavioural studies at the of exposed to Labeo...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2020 in |
Introduction: Reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide play a major role in the physiopathology of inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, autoimmune pathologies and immunodeficiency. With this understanding targeting oxidative stress could be a promising approach in new drug discovery. Methodology: Therefore, new compounds that were isolated from methanolic extract of leaves of wild strawberry, Fragaria nubicola were tested for its in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity against the free radical’s generation during the process of respiratory burst by luminol enhanced chemiluminescence technique. The effect on superoxide and nitric oxide production was measured in cell culture supernatant by cell based spectrophotometric assay. The cytotoxicity analysis was done using a fibroblast cell line by MTT assay. Results: a current study has demonstrated the potential of selected compounds being an effective immunomodulating agent. These compounds (1-5) were found to be significantly inhibiting the myeloperoxidase dependent free radical generation with an IC50 value of 4.6 ± 1.3, 5.7 ± 1.6,<1, 2.3 ± 0.01 and <1 µg/mL respectively. As compare to ibuprofen, which showed IC50 of 43.4 ±...
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