Posted by admin on Jan 1, 2013 in |
Buccal route is an attractive route of administration for systemic drug delivery and it leads direct access to the systemic circulation through the internal jugular vein bypasses drugs from the hepatic first pass metabolism provides high bioavailability. Buccalbioadhesive films, releasing topical drugs in the oral cavity at a slow and predetermined rate, provide distinct advantages over traditional dosage forms for treatment of many diseases. This article aims to review the recent developments in the buccal adhesive drug delivery systems to provide basic principles to the young scientists, which will be useful to circumvent the difficulties associated with the formulation...
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Posted by admin on Jan 1, 2013 in |
Medicinal plants are extensively used to cure various infectious diseases in human. Our present study was undertaken to investigate antibacterial activity in leaf, stem and root extracts of Acalypha indica against the human pathogens such as Staphylococcus sp, E. coli, Salmonella sp, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas. The shade dried leaves, stem and root powder was used to prepare extracts by using and acetone, methanol and ethanol by soxhlet method. The antibacterial activity was studied by using agar well diffusion method with different concentrations of extracts (25, 50, 75 & 100µl). The result showed that ethanol leaf extract is effective against tested pathogen. Highest inhibition of zone was recorded in E. coli ( 22 cm). Phytochemical analysis of Acalypha indica was done. In the present study, the antimicrobial factors of A. indica were found to have Flavonoids, Triterpenoids, Phenolic compounds and proteins in leaf and its molecular weight was found to be 19kDa. Recognition of the molecular factor responsible for bactericidal activity in herbs will pave the way to commercialize...
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Posted by admin on Jan 1, 2013 in |
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder resulting from a defect in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Insulin deficiency in turn leads to chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. It is the most common endocrine disorder and by the year 2010, it is estimated that more than 200 million people worldwide will have DM and 300 million will subsequently have the disease by 2025. As the disease progresses tissue or vascular damage ensues leading to severe diabetic complications such as retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, cardiovascular complications and ulceration. Thus, diabetes covers a wide range of heterogeneous diseases. Diabetes mellitus may be categorized into several types but the two major types are type 1 and type 2. Drugs are used primarily to save life and alleviate symptoms. Secondary aims are to prevent long-term diabetic complications and, by eliminating various risk factors, to increase longevity. Insulin replacement therapy is the mainstay for patients with type 1 DM while diet and lifestyle modifications are considered the cornerstone for...
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Posted by admin on Jan 1, 2013 in |
Mucilaginous exudates from Aloe leaf containing polysaccharides, of which the major proportion has been reported to be composed of acetylated mannose molecules such as Acemannan and other high molecular weight polysaccharides. These polysaccharides, have been reported to elevate the Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GMCSF) ultimately leading to the infiltration of macrophages at respective sites. This immunological property has been exploited to test the efficacy of dried aloe mucilaginous extract containing these high molecular weight polysaccharides for anti-fertility activity. The polysaccharides were extracted by ethanol precipitation method. The suspension of extract in aqueous medium was prepared under aseptic environment to ensure the desired sterility. Characterization of extract was done by spectrophotometry and IR spectroscopy. The results suggest the presence of biologically active polysaccharides. The preliminary finding of the experiment confirms the anti-fertility activity in rats. However, a mild edema was observed in the uterine horns of the test group animals which subsequently reduced in severity upon reducing the dose. The cause of the oedema could be attributed to the...
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Posted by admin on Jan 1, 2013 in |
Low solubility compounds show dissolution rate limited absorption and hence poor absorption, distribution and target organ delivery. Improvement of aqueous solubility in such a case is valuable goal to improve therapeutic efficacy. Complexation with CDs by different methods like physical mixing, melting, kneding, spray drying, freeze drying, co-evaporation has been reported to enhance the solubility, dissolution rate and bioavability of poorly water soluble drugs. The formation of inclusion complex can be confirmed by DSC, FTIR, XRD and SEM study. This review aims to assess the use of cyclodextrines as complexing agents to enhance the solubility of poorly soluble drugs and hence to resolve the many issues associated with developing and commercializing poorly water soluble...
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