Posted by admin on Feb 25, 2015 in |
Background: The main activities of community pharmacists are processing of prescriptions, care of patients or clinical pharmacy, monitoring of drug utilization, extemporaneous preparation and small scale manufacture of medicines, responding to symptoms of minor ailments, informing health care professionals and the public, and health promotion. Objectives: To assess community drug retail outlets service in Harar town. Methods and materials: The data was collected using pre-tested, self-administered structured questionnaires which have socio-demographic variables, type of drug retail outlet, approximate distance from Hospital, number of staffs, availability of reference materials and questions to assess the service of the drug retail outlets. The questionnaire was disseminated for respondents by the principal investigator and collected after a week The collected data was cleaned, coded, entered to Epi data. The entered data was transferred to SPSS window version 16 statistical software. Frequencies and cross tabs were done to analyze the data. Result: From a total of 41 drug retail outlets in town, 36 of them were included in this study. Twenty six (72.2%) of...
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Posted by admin on Feb 25, 2015 in |
The present study was conducted to explore the antioxidant and radical scavenging activities of essential oil extracted from the leaves of plants of family Lamiaceae from Morni hills in the north-eastern part of the state of Haryana, India. Ten plants- Hyptis suaveolens, Mentha longifolia, M. pulegium, Ocimum basilicum, Plectranthus incanus, P. striatus, Pogostemon benghalensis, Rabdosia rugosa, Salvia plebeia and Scutellaria angulosa– of the family Lamiaceae were explored from the area and the essential oil from their leaves was extracted. The maximum oil yield was found in leaves of O. basilicum, while the oil yield was the minimum in leaves of P. incanus. The density of oil was found to be the maximum in H. suaveolens, while it was the minimum in P. incanus and S. angulosa. The essential oils of all the plants exhibited DPPH radical scavenging activity; however, it was best exhibited by S. angulosa (with least IC50 value) in comparison to standard butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Further, the oil also exhibited total antioxidant activity, which was found to...
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Posted by admin on Feb 1, 2015 in |
Mucoadhesive drug delivery system has occupied an important place in the field of pharmaceutical research. Mucoadhesive tablets prolong the residence time of the drug at the site of application and provide extended therapeutic effect. Mucoadhesive tablets have been prepared for various sites thus offering localization as swell as systemic control of drug release. The present review focuses on concept of formulation of Stavudine as mucoadhesive vaginal tablets, their applications and various evaluation techniques. A new strategy preferably once daily is proposed for improving the sustained release of drug and localized action of stavudine, the antiretroviral. The design of the delivery system was based on the sustained release formulation with swelling and mucoadhesion of the drug delivery systems. Different polymers, such as, HPMCK100M, HPMCK15M, CARBOPOL934P and binders were used with different concentrations were tried in order to get the desired sustained release profile over a period of 8-10hrs. All the formulations were evaluated for, dimensional stability, drug content and in vitro drug release profile. It was found that dimensional stability...
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Posted by admin on Feb 1, 2015 in |
Stoichiometry and apparent stability constant (KC) of the complex formed between Cu(II), hexamine and taurine were determined in water and methanol-water mixtures (% methanol w/w: 3.11; 6.15; 10.4; 15.2; 19.9 and 25.3) by UV–vis spectroscopy at 25o C and constant ionic strength (0.05 M, sodium chloride). Stoichiometry of the ternary complex (1:1: 2, metal: hexamine: taurine) is not modified with an increase in methanol percentage in the analyzed interval. The value of KC in water is greater than in the binary solutions. The effects of changing solvent composition on KC data were explained by linear solvation free energy relationships using the solvatochromic parameter of Kamlet and Taft (α, ß and π*). Multiple linear regression analysis indicates that the hydrogen bond donating ability (α) of the solvent and non-specific interactions (π*) play an important role in the degree of occurrence of the reaction. The effect of temperature on KC was also analyzed by assessing standard entropy and enthalpy variations of the reaction in water. Finally, the structure of the complex...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2015 in |
Depression is a well defined mood disorder which is characterized by state of disposition of mind and dislike or antipathy to activity that can affect an individual’s thoughts, demeanor, sense of emotional touch and physical well- being. Depressed people may feel mournful, troubled, uneasy in mind, meaningless, helpless and unworthy, experiencing as if having committed an offence. They are easily annoyed and disinclined to rest. It is a very important public health problem which is devastating millions of life all over world and making the scenario very pathetic. Number of the patients is suffering with psycho-somatic disorders where placebo and psycho therapies work well. Efficacy of placebo on depression due to vague reasons and with vague symptoms is significant and wonderful. It comes through exchange of belief and trust between patient and physician. Placebo response can be vividly observed and measured. Therefore, by applying placebo therapy in genuine cases of aforesaid type of depression, one can be saved from side effects of drugs and un-necessary expenditure as...
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