Posted by admin on Dec 25, 2014 in |
Frequent drug shortage, poor storage conditions and inadequate knowledge of health care workers for inventory management are among the factors affecting the supply chain of antimalarial drugs in Tanzania. These factors largely contribute to poor quality, shortage and irrational use of antimalarial drugs in the public health facilities. The aim of this study was to assess the management of antimalarial drugs in the public health facilities in Dar-es-salaam, Tanzania. Thirty two (32) pharmaceutical personnel were interviewed regarding management of antimalarial drugs in the health facilities. The average time stock-out of antimalarial drugs was assessed for the period of January to December 2010. Adequate storage conditions and handling of medicines procedures were also assessed. About two thirds of drug store managers had poor knowledge on quantification concept. All drug store managers had inadequate knowledge on the concept of procurement, and there were no effective and efficient procurement systems in all the health facilities. The percentage time for stock-out of antimalarial drugs was 25% for Artemether-Lumefantrine (ALu), 25.7% for quinine tablets...
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Posted by admin on Dec 25, 2014 in |
Pain is a condition that is experienced by everybody in its life irrespective of humans or animals, reason could be due to any intense stimuli. It is a common phenomenon in vertebral animals similar to that felt by humans. This study was designed to determine theanalgesic activity of Argentum Nitricum, Staphysagria and Ignatia Amara in comparison with Acetyl salicylic acid. For this purpose the method of Eddy and Leimbach using heated plate analgesic apparatus was used. Administration of water to the control, standard drug and test homeopathic remedies to animals by oral route and the reaction time of animals were noted at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min interval on the hot plate. In the conclusion the study proved that the argentum nitricum possess highly significant (p≤ 0.001) analgesic activity among all test remedies and is more potent than the reference drug i.e. acetyl salicylic...
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Posted by admin on Dec 25, 2014 in |
Background: Sexually Transmitted Infections remain major public health problems among the most at risk population groups such as female commercial sex workers. Objective: To assess the magnitude of Hepatitis B Virus and HIV/AIDS and identify the associated factors among female commercial sex workers. Methodology: A Community Based Cross Sectional Study was conducted in Mekelle city. A total of 319 participants were selected using simple random sampling method. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version16.0. Bivariate logistic regression and multivariate analysis were conducted to identify risk factors and to control confounding factors for acquiring Hepatitis B virus and HIV. Result: Overall, the prevalence of HIV and HBV was 11.9% and 6%, respectively. The main factors associated with HIV include: age, educational status, having dependents, birth place, number of years in sex work, income, inconsistent condom use, history of condom breakage, having steady partner, sex during menses, history of genital ulcer, history of STI, alcohol consumption and sexual abuse (P<0.05). The major determinants of HBV were work place of sex...
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Posted by admin on Dec 25, 2014 in |
In this study the neuroprotective activity extract hydroalcoholic of AO against behavioral and biochemical parameters induced by subcutaneous injection of rotenone was evaluated, important for the understanding of Parkinson´s disease, which is the most common neurodegenerative disorder affecting movement. Rotenone is a potent hydrophobic pesticide and a highly selective inhibitor of complex I in the electron transport chain. Anacardium occidentale (AO), popularly known as cashew, is a tropical tree native to north and northeast Brazil. Peduncles (pseudofruit) and nuts can be eaten raw or converted into various nutritional products (juice, tea, jam, and beverages). AO has been studied for its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antitumor, molluscicides and antidiabetogenic activity. Behavior evaluations were performed using the models of open-field, rotarod, on horizontal bar and elevated T-maze. The in vivo antioxidant activity was evaluated in the substantia nigra (SN), cortex and striatal region by lipid peroxidation after behavioral tests. Systemic administration of rotenone produced hypolocomotion, muscle incoordination and memory deficit. AO administration (150 and 600 mg/kg, p.o.) improved rotenona induced dysfunctional behavior (locomotor,...
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Posted by admin on Dec 25, 2014 in |
Hemidesmus indicus Linn. R. Br. is a twining shrub traditionally used for the treatment of various diseases and ailments in the rural area of Bangladesh. Different extracts (methanol, hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water) from the roots of this shrub tested for their antimicrobial, cytotoxicity and free radical scavenging activities. All extracts showed moderate free radical scavenging activity and SC50 values ranging from 24.98µg/mL to 93.14µg/mL, and sufficient potency for their brine shrimp lethality activity and IC50 values from 1.32µg/mL to 8.67µg/mL. The n-hexane extract showed significant antimicrobial activity against all tested organisms, with a zone inhibition ranging from 10 mm to 27 mm at the concentration of 400µg/disc. Bioassay guided fraction of the extracts has led to isolation of two triterpeniods, 3β-O-acetyl β-amyrin, lupeol 3- β -acetate and a phenolic compound, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzaldehyde. The structures of the compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods as well as comparison with available data in the...
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