Posted by admin on Nov 1, 2014 in |
Electrochemical behavior of rupatadine, an anti-allergic drug was studied at graphene modified glassy carbon electrode in Britton-Robinson buffer (pH 6.5) by square wave voltammetry (frequency, 50 Hz; amplitude, 0.02 V; step potential, 0.005 V) and cyclic voltammetry (scan rates, 20-100 mV/s) techniques. Cyclic voltammetry revealed the oxidation of rupatadine corresponding to N-dealkylation which is the major metabolic pathway of rupatadine in the human body. Atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to study the surface characteristics of the fabricated sensor. The electrode dynamic parameters were investigated and the oxidation mechanism was proposed. The lower limit of detection and quantification were achieved with the modified sensor as compared to the bare sensor due to enhancement in electron transfer process at the surface of modified sensor owing to greater electroactive surface area. The limit of detection was found to be 56.78 ng/ml and limit of quantification, 172.06 ng/ml at graphene modified glassy carbon electrode....
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Posted by admin on Nov 1, 2014 in |
Etodolac is an anti-inflammatory drug that is poorly soluble in water. This paper describes an approach to improve the dissolution rate of Etodolac by using solid dispersions (SDs) in hydrophilic polymers. The solid dispersions prepared with a Co-evaporation, kneaded method & Physical Mixture method using different concentrations of α-cyclodextrin (α-CD). The release of Etodolac from various solid dispersions was determined from dissolution studies by use of USP dissolution apparatus. The dissolution study results revealed that there was a considerable increase in solubility of all solid dispersions as compared to pure drug. Prepared solid dispersions were characterized by DSC, PXRD, IR and SEM images were evaluated for drug content, saturation solubility. Physicochemical characterization of solid dispersions suggests a reduction in drug crystallinity following dissolution enhancement. Results indicate that present % DE 30 of drug was improved from 36.01 to 58.57 by the use of Etodolac α-CD-HPMC (1:2:0.3) Kneaded...
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Posted by admin on Nov 1, 2014 in |
The aim of the present study was to design the suitable culture medium and also optimize the culture conditions for enhanced production of antimicrobial metabolites by Streptomyces violaceoruber VLK-4 which exhibited a broad spectrum of activity against bacteria and fungi. Production of bioactive metabolites by the strain was high in modified yeast extract-malt extract dextrose (ISP-2) broth as compared to other media tested. Mannitol (0.4%) and asparagine (1%) were found to be the most suitable carbon and nitrogen sources for the optimum production of bioactive metabolites as well as growth. Maximum production of bioactive metabolites was found in the culture medium with an initial pH 7.0 incubated for five days at 30 ºC under shaking conditions. This is the first report on the optimization of bioactive metabolites by Streptomyces violaceoruber...
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Posted by admin on Nov 1, 2014 in |
The plant selected for the activity is obtained from the ninth day young leaves of Triticum aestivum Linn. belonging to the family Poaceae. The plant is commonly known as Wheatgrass which is used for various medicinal and health benefits for many years. It is considered as a cleansing and purifying agent from ancient times and yet can be used for its healing properties because of its nutritional values. The leaves contain many chemical compositions such as proteins, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids, saponins, fibers, tannins, and phenolic compounds. Wheatgrass is also rich in chlorophyll which consists of Chlorophyllin (derivatives of chlorophyll) and posses bacteriostatic and antioxidant properties. The concentrated methanolic extract showed significant hepatoprotective effect at 500 mg/kg dose in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) treated rats. The blood samples were collected, and the serum was estimated for biochemical parameters SGOT, SGPT, alkaline phosphatase, total and direct bilirubin content. The studies indicated that the recovery of liver from CCl4 damage after the treatment was...
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Posted by admin on Nov 1, 2014 in |
Pesticide uses pose a serious threat to environment and public health owing to their persistence and tendency to accumulate in animal and plant tissues. The present investigation was conducted to analyze pesticide residues mainly HCH and DDT in field, and biological samples from the plantation areas of Northern Kerala, India and the extent of DNA damage in cattle was measured. Environmental samples mainly water and fodder and biological samples milk and blood were collected from study area. All samples were analyzed using Gas Chromatography with Electron Capture Detector and confirmed by Gas Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The extent of DNA damage was analyzed using COMET assay. Among samples analyzed, water samples revealed detectable pesticide residues. One water sample was detected with all HCH isomers, and two samples were detected with p,p’-DDD. Mean concentration (ppm) of total HCH and DDT were 8.073 × 10-4 and 3.51 × 10-5 respectively. Pesticide residues in fodder and biological samples were with below detectable level. Comet assay revealed significantly higher (p<0.05) percent DNA...
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