Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2026 in |
Increasing number of Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become a global public health concern. There are several drug products approved by USFDA and regulatory agency of India for the effective treatment of diabetes mellitus. Subsequently, innovator companies, applied for Patent protection with various primary and secondary attributes of the drug product. Through this Exploratory Research, we precisely investigated drug products which are SGLT-2 and DPP-4 inhibitors by mechanism, and for which the innovator failed to secure grant of patent in India for secondary inventions such as for salt of a compound, crystalline polymorph, combination of drug products, because of objections raised by Controller in view of provisions in Indian Patent Act such as Section 2(1) (j) or (ja), Section 3. On the other hand, innovator could successfully obtain patent grant for corresponding family equivalent patent in the USA despite of objections under USC (102), (103). During our exploratory research, it is observed that the technical advancements and surprising effect which were admissible and considered by the USPTO, was not “Weighed...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2026 in |
Introduction: The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the most frequently injured ligament of the knee, not just among athletes but even in general population. Surgical treatment restores stability and limits progressive degeneration and long-term instability of the knee. Hence surgery is the preferred treatment for athletes and patients with physically demanding occupations. Despite the best efforts of physicians and rehabilitation professionals, often these goals are not achieved, as many patients return to normal life with lingering neuromuscular deficits and often are plagued with symptoms associated with the premature development of osteoarthritis. Quadriceps weakness is among the persistent neuromuscular deficiencies associated with ACL injury and presents a major rehabilitation challenge for patients and clinicians. Rehabilitation of the quadriceps musculature following ACL reconstruction (ACLR) often has been the subject of much debate. Materials And Methods: A total of 47 patients were included after fulfilling inclusion criteria between July 2019 to December 2021, all patients underwent ACL reconstruction using hamstring graft were subjected to Cryotherapy and TENS followed by that physiotherapy was...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2026 in |
Background: Medication safety among patients is one of the important issues in the modern world. Pharmacovigilance Programme of India was introduced with the aim of safeguarding the people’s health in India. Major limitations are underreporting and poor quality of reports. To strengthen the healthcare system, a multidisciplinary team of health care professionals is essential. Nurses are the persons who take part in the direct care of the patients and they must be aware of common ADRs and about reporting of the same and pharmacovigilance. Aim: This study aims to assess the awareness of Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) reporting among the nursing students. Methods: This study was a Prospective and KAP questionnaire based Interventional study. An interactive educational intervention was designed in the form of power point presentation was delivered to the participants. Pre and Post tests were conducted before and after the presentation. Results: Participants knowledge about the pharmacovigilance was improved immediately after the educational intervention and there was some difficulty to retain after a month (p<0.05)....
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2026 in |
Background: Biomedical research plays a pivotal role in enhancing the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases, and it has a profound effect on the policies related to health care programs. Aims: The objectives of this study are to assess the current level of knowledge among medical students regarding biomedical research, to explore the attitudes of medical students toward participating in and contributing to biomedical research and to identify perceived barriers that may hinder medical students from actively engaging in biomedical research. Methods: This was a cross sectional study done in Government Medical College and Hospital Krishnagiri between February 2024 to August 2024. Around 327 undergraduate students were given a structured questionnaire (hard copy / google form) containing 21 questions [Questions 1 to 6 about ‘Knowledge’, Questions: 7 to 14 about ‘Attitude’, and Questions: 15 to 21 about ‘Barrier’] and their responses recorded. Results: Out of 327 study participants, 90% study participants had understood the purpose of doing the biomedical research. 27% study participants have mentioned that research feels stressful....
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2026 in |
Coral reefs are dynamic ecosystems sustained by complex metabolic interactions between corals and their symbiotic algae, where Carbonic anhydrase (CA) plays a key role in biomineralization and carbon cycling. In the current study, the CA sequence of Symbiodinium microadriaticum (Zooxanthellae) was retrieved from NCBI and its three-dimensional structure was predicted using trRosetta. The CA structure of Acropora millepora (Coral) was obtained from the UniProt database. Both protein models were structurally validated using PROCHECK, which confirmed that 90.0% and 90.5% of residues were in the most favored regions. Comparative sequence alignment using the EMBOSS Water tool revealed conserved functional domains, supporting structural and functional preservation. Physicochemical analyses via ProtParam indicated that the algal CA is hydrophilic but relatively unstable, while the coral CA demonstrated enhanced stability and solubility. Molecular docking studies, conducted using PyRx and BIOVIA Discovery Studio, evaluated the binding potential of three standard CA inhibitors: Acetazolamide, Ethoxzolamide, and Dorzolamide, alongside 29 cosmetic agents. Notably, Acid Violet 43 exhibited the strongest binding affinity, with docking scores of -10.0 kcal/mol...
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