Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2026 in |
Background: Endothelial dysfunction is a major contributor to the vascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as promising biomarkers and potential modulators of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to investigate the expression profiles of selected circulating miRNAs in a rat model of T2DM induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and low-dose streptozotocin (STZ). Methods: Male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups and subjected to dietary and chemical interventions to induce T2DM. Serum and circulating miRNAs were isolated and quantified using real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). The expression levels of miR-126, miR-30a-5p were analyzed across control and diabetic groups, with U6 small nuclear RNA as an internal control. Results: The diabetic groups exhibited significant downregulation of miR-126, suggesting its protective role in vascular integrity and metabolic regulation. In contrast, miR-30a-5p was markedly upregulated in response to High-Fat Diet + STZ (HFD+STZ) induced metabolic stress, implicating it in diabetes-associated metabolic disturbances. Notably, combined HFD and STZ exposure further amplified these alterations...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2026 in |
Background: Pharmacovigilance training in undergraduate medical education remains largely theoretical, leading to inadequate real-world reporting competency. Simulation-based training may help bridge this gap. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of a structured simulation-based pharmacovigilance module in improving knowledge and ADR-reporting skills among final-year MBBS students. Methods: A quasi-experimental single-group pre-test/post-test study was conducted among 45 final-year MBBS students. The intervention comprised interactive lectures, case-based simulations, and ADR form-filling exercises over four days. Knowledge was assessed using a validated 15-item MCQ test; skills were assessed using an OSPE checklist based on CDSCO ADR reporting formats. Paired t-test was used for statistical comparison. Results: Mean MCQ scores improved significantly from 11.45 ± 3.90 to 13.18 ± 3.20 after the module (p = 0.015; Cohen’s d = 0.88). The proportion of students achieving high scores (13–15) increased from 36% to 60%. OSPE scores improved from 5.2 to 8.1, demonstrating enhanced ability to identify ADRs and complete reporting forms accurately. Conclusion: The simulation-based pharmacovigilance module substantially improved theoretical knowledge and practical ADR-reporting skills among MBBS students. Such structured educational models may strengthen pharmacovigilance competency...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2026 in |
Background: Depression is a debilitating mental health disorder that causes changes in physical activity, appetite, sleep and weight. Many studies shown that zinc may have an important role in the pathogenesis of depression. In this study we aimed to evaluate the antidepressant effects of Zinc acetate in mice and to investigate the synergistic effect of zinc acetate with fluoxetine, a standard antidepressant. Methods: After getting approval from ethics committee, 36 male swiss albino mice weighing 20-30 gm were randomly allocated into 6 groups with 6 in each group. First group received normal saline (control), second group received fluoxetine 10 mg/kg (standard). Third, fourth and fifth group received Zinc acetate 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg respectively. Sixth group received fluoxetine 10 mg/kg with zinc acetate 10 mg/kg. All the drugs were given through oral route. The effects of the drugs were assessed by recording the immobility time in Tail Suspension Test (TST) and the results were analysed by one way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test. Results:...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2026 in |
Introduction: ADRs significantly contribute to death and morbidity. The underreporting of adverse drug reactions is a widespread concern worldwide. Nurses are vital to healthcare and significantly contribute to adverse drug reaction reporting inside hospitals. This study was planned to assess nurses’ knowledge, attitude and practice about ADR reporting, as well as to provide suggestions for improvement. Methods: This research was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study involving 60 nurses, using a questionnaire with questions on knowledge (12), attitude (5) and practice (9) about ADR reporting. Responses were analysed both item-wise and domain-wise. Knowledge (12), attitude (5), and practice (9) responses were summarized using descriptive statistics and expressed as percentages for each item. In addition to item-wise descriptive percentages, responses were grouped into three domains: knowledge (12), attitude (5), and practice (9). Domain-wise responses were summarized using descriptive statistics to describe overall trends in nurses’ knowledge, attitude and practice related to ADR reporting. Results: A majority of the nurses (89.33%) were knew the term PV. 95% of nurses agreed that adverse drug...
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Posted by admin on Jun 30, 2026 in |
We developed a quantitative, accurate, and cost-effective ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometric method to estimate zolpidem tartrate nanospheres. These nanospheres were prepared using the solvent evaporation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed peak heights at 19.914, 23.0138, and 40.5246, with values of 225.20, 61.58, and 29.25. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed their morphology at magnifications of 50× and 2× µm. Zeta analysis showed a Z- average of 2234d:nm, a peak at 245.6nm, and a zeta potential of – 14.0mV. The nanospheres had an absorbance at 201 nm using the zero-order spectrum method. First-order derivative spectra showed a maximum at 305 nm and a minimum at 280 nm, with absorbance values of 0.9133 and 0.8041. In method I, using bromocresol green, the nanospheres had an absorbance maximum of 0.426 at 429.6 nm and a minimum of 0.786 at 202.2 nm. The area under the curve (AUC) was calculated from 329 nm to 415 nm, with a linearity range of 5-30 µg/mL and R2 = 0.9869. In method II, with bromophenol blue, absorbance...
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