Posted by admin on Apr 1, 2014 in |
A simple, sensitive, linear, precise and accurate RP-HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of Hydralazine, Isosorbide dinitrate in bulk and tablet formulation was developed and validated. The chromatographic separation of the three drugs was achieved on Zodiac C18 (250 mm ´ 4.6 mm) 5µ column in an isocratic mode. The mobile phase consisting of 0.01M 0.01 M Ammonium acetate : Acetonitrile : Methanol in the ratio of 50:30:20 v/v and pH adjusted to 3 using ortho phosphoric acid was delivered at a flow rate of 1ml/ min and effluents were monitored at 270 nm. The retention time of Hydralazine, Isosorbide Dinitrate was found to be 2.337 and 3.413 min, respectively. Calibration curves were linear with a correlation coefficient of 0.994 for HYD , and 0.997 for ISD over the concentration range of 45-105µg/ml for HYD, and 24-56 µg/ml for ISD and precise with (%RSD<2). The method was validated as per the ICH guidelines and can be employed for routine quality control...
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Posted by admin on Apr 1, 2014 in |
Tuberose flower extracts were obtained by green technology of Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction and solvent extractions (using n-hexane and petroleum ether of b.p. 60-80 °C). Antimicrobial activities of these extracts were tested in vitro against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Helicobacter pylori, Vibrio cholerae and Candida albicans. No activity was found against H. pylori and V. cholerae. Antimicrobial activities of the extracts were established by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays against the remaining test microorganisms. The SC-CO2 and solvent extracts showed potency against all test microorganisms. SC-CO2 extract obtained at 40 °C, 100 bar pressure, 135 min extraction time, and n-hexane extract showed most promising results, among all the extracts. However, considering the global need for green extracts for therapeutic applications, SC-CO2 extraction is the recommended technique for extracting antimicrobials from tuberose flowers. The chemical constituents conferring antimicrobial potencies to the extracts were also identified by GC/MS...
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Posted by admin on Apr 1, 2014 in |
Patients experiencing adverse effects are less likely than those not experiencing it to adhere to treatment. However little is known about the adverse drug reactions to many HIV programme in developing countries, indicating the need for Antiretroviral (ART) safety surveillance. The study is a retrospective analysis of records of adverse reactions by patients initiated on ART. A total of 1870 patients initiated ART between February 2008 and May 2012. 1386 patients had clinical visits during the one year study period. A total of 95 (6.9%) reported 113 suspected Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs). The incidence rate of ADR in this study was 8/ 100 persons- year and skin rash (21.2%) was the most reported, followed by nausea/ vomiting (16.8%). Skin rash was associated with Zidovudine/Lamivudine/Nevirapine combination OR= 5.35 (1.55- 20.24) and P value of 0.0045. Over 70% of reported ADRs occurred within 6 months after commencement of ARV. Gender was not associated with ADR occurrence OR= 1.09(0.7-1.69),P value= 0.77. ADRs were higher in Zidovudine/Lamivudine/Nevirapine combination. There is need for active...
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Posted by admin on Apr 1, 2014 in |
Aim: To determine the use of Complementary and Alternate Medicine (CAM) for health issues and health maintenance among the population of Kedah state, Malaysia. Method: A questionnaire based cross-sectional survey was conducted for a period of three months in Kedah state, Malaysia. The questionnaire was prepared in English and Bahasa Malaysia and distributed to the randomly selected participants according to the language known by them. Results: A total of 571 questionnaires were distributed out of which only 560 completed questionnaires were retrieved. Among the 560 participants, female were the most CAM users (54.46%). The age group among participants with more CAM usage was found to be 21-29 years (44.64%). According to the study, most respondents who use CAM were influenced from Malay (35.36%), Chinese (24.96%), and Indian culture (17.37%). The reasons for respondents to use CAM included to promote health (n=135), prevent illness (n=124) and treat illness (n=121). It was found that most respondents used biological products (33.14%) and alternative systems (22.26%) of which, herbal products were most popular...
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Posted by admin on Apr 1, 2014 in |
A Simple, rapid, sensitive, accurate and precise spectrofluorimetric method has been developed for selective determination of nalbuphine hydrochloride (NAL) in presence of its oxidative degradate in bulk powder and in pharmaceutical preparation. The proposed method is based on measuring the native fluorescence of NAL in acetonitrile at 337 nm after excitation at 285 nm. All variables that affect fluorescence intensity such as diluting solvents and pH were studied and optimized .The fluorescence–concentration plot was rectilinear over the range of 1-12 µg/ml with a lower detection limit (LOD) of 0.175 µg/ml and lower quantitation limit (LOQ) of 0.529 µg/ml. The proposed method can selectively analyse the drug in presence of up to 75% of its oxidative degradate with mean recovery of 101.37±0.72. The method was validated and successfully applied for the determination of NAL in its commercial preparation with an average percent recovery ± RSD% of 100.14 ± 0.89. The obtained results were statistically compared with those of the reported method by applying t-test and F-test at 95% confidence level...
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