Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2013 in |
Atovaquone is a hydroxynaphthoquinone that has antimicrobial activity and is being used in antimalarial protocols. Its inhibitory effect being comparable to ubiquinone, in sensitive parasites atovaquone can act by selectively affecting mitochondrial electron transport and parallel processes such as ATP and pyrimidine biosynthesis. It exhibits low bioavailability related to its poor water solubility. The present research investigates crystal modification of atovaquone to improve the solubility, dissolution rate as well as some physicochemical properties. The crystals were modified in presence of PEG-4000. The modified crystals were characterized by Scanning electron microscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. The solubility and dissolution rate of modified crystals were compared with untreated atovaquone. The SEM results showed different morphology of modified crystals compare to untreated atovaquone. FT-IR spectra of untreated atovaquone when compared with modified crystals showed no significant change in their characteristic peaks. Also DSC spectra showed change in the melting endotherm of modified crystals and the XRD spectra revealed change in diffraction pattern. The FT-IR, DSC and XRD indicate...
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Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2013 in |
The aim of this study was to compare the antiulcer activity of methanolic extracts of Wattakaka volubilis (Linn.f.) Staf and Tabebuia rosea (Bertol.) DC in rats. The anti-ulcer effect was evaluated using Anti secretary model (chemical induced pylorus ligation). Ranitidine were used as standard drugs for ulcer studies. The extracts were administered orally at 500 mg/kg. The result of the present study indicates oral administration of Wattakaka volubilis and Tabebuia rosea produced significant inhibition of the gastric lesions induced by Anti secretary model (Chemical induced pylorus ligation. Comparison was made between two plant extracts and methanolic extract of Wattakaka volubilis than Methanolic extract of Tabebuia rosea. Preliminary phytochemical screenings indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phenols, terpenoids, glycosides and sugars in both the extracts. This study confirmed the antiulcer properties of this plant as it is used in traditional...
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Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2013 in |
The objective of the present work was to develop a simple, rapid, accurate RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous estimation of Tenofovir disoproxil fumerate (TDF), Efavirenz in bulk and formulation. The chromatographic separation was achieved by isocratic mode of elution by using Agilent Zorbax Eclipse XDB C18 (150 x 4.6mm, particle size 5µm) analytical column. The mobile phase consisting of Acetonitrile and phosphate buffer (0.03M KH2PO4, pH 2.5) the ratio of 70:30v/v with 0.6 ml/min flow rate and the eluents are monitored at 255nm.The retention times were 2.44min for TDF and 5.52 min for Efavirenz. The detector response was linear for TDF between 3-18µg/ml with R2 =0.9987 and 6-36µg/ml for Efavirenz with R2=0.9982 respectively. The % relative standard deviation (%R.S.D) values were found to be <2. The method was validated by determining accuracy, precision and linearity range. The results of the proposed RP-HPLC method is precise, rapid and accurate which is useful for quantitative determination and routine analysis of Tenofovir disoproxil fumerate and Efavirenz in bulk and in...
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Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2013 in |
Peptic ulcer is the most common gastrointestinal disorder in clinical practice. A number of drugs including proton pump inhibitors and H2 receptor antagonists are available for the treatment of peptic ulcer, but these drugs has shown incidence of relapses, side effects, and drug interactions. Thus the development of new antiulcer drugs and the search for novel molecules has been extended to herbal drugs that offer better protection and decreased relapse. Medicinal plants provide an effective and safer way in disease management. Many medicinal plants exhibit antiulcer activity and found useful in the treatment of peptic ulcer. Physalis minima has shown anti-inflammatory and analgesic action in animals. In this present work, anti-ulcer effect of different extracts of Physalis minima was studied in NSAIDs induced ulcer model in albino rats. The extract at dose of 200,400 mg/kg produced significant inhibition of gastric lesion induced by NSAIDs induced ulcer. The extract reduced ulcerative lesion. The result obtained suggesting that extract possesses significant anti-ulcer...
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Posted by admin on Dec 1, 2013 in |
In the present paper, synthesis of new series of 1,3,4- oxadiazole derivatives incorporating substituted dihydropyrimidinone and chloroquinoline moieties 4(a-j) has been reported. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR and Mass spectroscopy. The compounds were screened for their in vivo anti-inflammatory activity by the carrageenan induced rat paw edema method and in vitro anti-bacterial activity against some gram positive and gram negative strains of bacteria. This pharmacological activity evaluation revealed that among all the compounds screened, compounds 4c, 4e and 4g were found to have promising anti-inflammatory activity. Moreover, compounds 4b, 4c, 4d, 4g and 4j exhibited promising anti-bacterial activity against the selected pathogenic strains of...
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