Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2014 in |
Disastrous effects of tobacco consumption on health remain in the focus of preclinical and clinical research. Exposures to tobacco smoke are closely connected to acute and chronic smoke lung dysfunctions and the effects are not restricted to airway inflammation processes. The facts that smoke exposure result in aberrant gene expression and changes in cellular phenotype resulting in clinical patterns. Here we pyrolyzed constituents of tobacco smoke, induced a stress response in human embryonic lung (HEL) cells, which respond with an altered expression of a broad spectrum of genes. We systematically analyzed the genetic expression, using the microarray-technology. After exposure of HEL cells to alkaline or acidic extracts of pyrolyzed smoke, already 2h after exposition the most affected genes (HMOX1, CYP1B1, ID3, and ID2) were rapidly up-regulated, whereas after 24 hours the genes were almost down-regulated. Using DAVID bioinformatics we detected annotation clusters with significant enrichment scores allowing insight into pharmacological processes and molecular functions. In the alkaline and acidic probes in a ratio 24 h versus 2h we identified...
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Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2014 in |
Background: Antimicrobials form an important group of drugs. Increasing prevalence of infections and emergence of resistance to antimicrobials has led to polypharmacy with respect to antimicrobial prescription. Aims and Objectives: To study the prescribing patterns, approval status, adherence to NLEM and WHO-EML and cost of antimicrobials prescribed in surgical departments. Methods: Data was collected from medical records of inpatients that underwent surgical procedures, from SSIMS&RC Teaching Hospital, Davanagere, Karnataka. The antimicrobials were classified based on WHO‐ATC classification and analyzed. Results: Among 464 antimicrobials prescribed to 154 patients, 13.79% were prescribed by generic name, 73.28% were prescribed as parenteral preparations and 16 patients received single antimicrobial agent. Mean duration of hospitalization was 10.56 ± 5.7 days. Beta lactam antimicrobials apart from penicillins (J01D) were the most commonly prescribed. 78.88% of the prescriptions were approved by both DCGI and FDA. 72% of the prescriptions were adhering to the both NLEM and WHO-EML. 72.85% of the prescriptions were single drug formulations. 27.16% were FDCs and 3 of them were not approved either...
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Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2014 in |
KLF proteins are highly conserved among mammals from human to mouse, with many KLFs also having homologs in Gallus gallus (Chicken), Danio rerio (Zebra fish), and Xenopus laevis (Frog). On the basis of functional characteristics, KLF proteins can be divided into three distinct groups. KLFs in group 1 (KLFs 3, 8, and 12) serve as transcriptional repressors through their interaction with the carboxy-terminal binding protein (CtBP). Family members in group 2 (KLFs 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, and 7) function predominantly as transcriptional activators. KLFs in group 3 (KLFs 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, and 16) have repressor activity through their interaction with the common transcriptional corepressor Sin3A. The encoded protein is thought to play an important role in the regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition, a process which occurs normally during development but also during metastasis. A homology modelling method was used for the prediction of the structure and other various physico-chemical properties of protein were obtained using ProtParam. 3D structure was constructed for the target protein usingI-...
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Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2014 in |
Solid dispersions have attracted considerable interest as an efficient means of improving the dissolution rate and hence the bioavailability of a range of hydrophobic drugs. The various preparation techniques for solid dispersion and compiles some of the recent technology transfers. This research article investigates enhancement of the dissolution profile of atorvastatin using solid dispersion with PVP. The article also describes the preparation of fast-dissolving atorvastatin by using water soluble polymer. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP K-30) was selected and solid dispersions were prepared by the method of spray drying and solvent evaporation. Dissolution studies using the USP paddle method were performed for solid dispersions of atorvastatin. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and x-ray diffractometry (XRD) were performed to identify the physicochemical interaction between drug and carrier, hence its effect on dissolution. Dissolution of atorvastatin improved significantly in solid dispersion products. Thus, the solid dispersion technique can be successfully used for improvement of dissolution of...
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Posted by admin on Feb 1, 2014 in |
Etodolac is an indole acetic acid derivative having half-life of 4 to 7 h and used for the treatment Rheumatoid arthritis. The oral use of Etodolac is not much recommended as it has many systemic side effects. The entrapment of drug in a vesicle has shown improved delivery of drug at the targeted site and has also reduced the dose and thus, has shown better patient compliance. Ethosomes are lipid vesicular carriers containing ethanol which provides better penetration of drug into the skin. Ethosomes of Etodolac were prepared by hot method. The composition includes phospholipid, ethanol, propylene glycol and distilled water. Liposomes of Etodolac were also prepared by thin film hydration technique. Selected formulations were subjected to sonication for reducing the vesicle size. FT-IR study confirmed the purity of drug and revealed no interaction between the drug and excipients. Ethosomes and liposomes were characterized for vesicle shape, vesicle size, entrapment efficiency percentage, in vitro drug diffusion. %CDR after 8 h for ethosomal, liposomal are 76.55 ± 0.70%, 65.61 ±...
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