Posted by admin on Aug 1, 2013 in |
A Streptomyces strain was isolated from soil and was identified as Streptomyces spectabilis on the basis of 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. On screening for its ability to produce antimicrobial compounds, it was found to be active only against Gram positive bacteria. Attempts were made to optimize the culture conditions for the production of antimicrobial compounds. Basal medium supplemented with glucose as a carbon source was found to be the best for growth but not for antibiotic production. Antibiotic production proved to be highest in the medium amended with cellobiose. Jack bean meal (JBM) and peptone were the best nitrogen sources for growth and antibiotic production respectively. Antibiotic production appeared to start after 48 hours and reached a maximum on the fourth day. Maximum growth and antibiotic production occurred when the initial pH was adjusted to...
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Posted by admin on Aug 1, 2013 in |
Pyogenic infection refers to bacterial infection that leads to the production of pus. Antibiotics to treat these pyogenic bacterial infections are routinely prescribed, toxicity of which is serious threat and makes chemotherapy more difficult. Management of pyogenic infections consists of aspiration or surgical drainage followed by appropriate antibiotics. A total of 50 samples were examined, 36 bacterial strains were isolated, 20 Gram positive, Staphylococcus aureus (8), Staphylococcus epidermidis (7), Corynebacterium pyogenes (5) and 16 Gram negative, Escherichia coli (4), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4), Neisseria meningitidis (4). Morphological and biochemical tests confirmed the isolated microorganisms. The study was carried out using in vitro Kirby Bauer’s disk diffusion method. The percentage resistance of different Gram positive isolates against different antibiotics, penicillin, amoxicillin, ofloxacin, cefazolin, cefuroxime, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin and tetracycline was C. pyogenes (76%), S. aureus (61.25%) and S. epidermidis (48.55%). Results for Gram negative bacteria, N. meningitidis (62.5%), E. coli (61.6%) and P. aeruginosa (52.28%), against norfloxacin, gentamycin, ofloxicin, cefixime, cefuroxime, amicacin, nalidixic acid, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone were also observed....
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Posted by admin on Aug 1, 2013 in |
Antibiotic is one of the most important commercially exploited secondary metabolites produced by bacteria, fungi and Streptomyces and employed in a wide range. Most of the antibiotics used today are from the microbes. Bacteria are easy to isolate, culture, maintain and to improve their strain. Bacillus species being the predominant soil bacteria because of their resistant endospore formation and production of vital antibiotic like polymyxin, bacitracin etc. are always found inhibiting the growth of the other organisms. In the present research study, screening of bacteria, fungi and Streptomyces with potential antibiotic activity was carried out. Among the microbes isolated and identified, Bacillus subtilis, Penicillium chrysogenum and Streptomyces spwere selected on the basis of their anti-bacterial activity. The inhibitory activities of the isolated microorganisms were checked against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Klebsiella pneumonia (ATCC 4352). It was observed that Penicillium chrysogenum metabolites showed maximum antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia with a zone of inhibition...
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Posted by admin on Aug 1, 2013 in |
Walnuts from Northwest region of Syria was collected to determine Omega-6 (linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6)) and Omega-3 (α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3)) in their oils, also called essential fatty acids (EFAs). This work was carried out using two different portions of samples. First samples were collected at harvest and second samples stored for one year under normal conditions. The extraction of the oil contained in Walnuts was done with hexane by ultrasonic technology, extract contained fatty acid and these fatty acids were estered. Fatty acid methyl esters were analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID). Syrian Walnuts major fatty acids were 18:2n-2 (linoleic acid) and 18:3n-3 (α -linolenic acid). Regarding n-6/n-3 ratio corresponded to the desired profile; Syrian Walnuts could be of potential interest due to their high nutritive value and lipid...
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Posted by admin on Aug 1, 2013 in |
The main objective of present work was to formulate and evaluate swellable controlled porosity osmotic tablets of Acyclovir for the treatment of herpes simplex. This formulation aims to release the drug in zero order pattern, increase bioavailability, reduce frequency of drug dosing and hence increased patient compliance. Acyclovir is a synthetic purine nucleoside analogue that is specially activated by Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) induced thymidine kinase, and inhibits viral DNA polymerases as well as acting as a chain terminator. The technique used for the preparation of tablets was direct compression followed by deep coating of core tablets and total nine formulations (F1-F9) were prepared. Prior to compression, the prepared granules were evaluated for flow and compression characteristics. Prepared osmotic drug delivery system was also evaluated for in vitro drug release study. In vitro release profile of all formulations was in range from 54.12-99.85%. The formulation F2 was best amongst all and showed 56.58% drug release in 12 hr and 98.92% in 24 hrs. Zero order drug release kinetics was...
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