Posted by admin on Jul 1, 2012 in |
Background: Prescription of drugs, which needs to be continuously assessed and refined according to disease progression. It not only reflects the physician’s knowledge about drugs but also his/her skill in diagnose and attitude towards selecting the most appropriate cost-effective treatment. Antimicrobials are among the most commonly prescribed drugs in hospital. As per literature, they account for over 50% of total value of drugs sold in our country. Such studies have been sparse from Gujarat and hence, this study was undertaken. Methods: Retrospective study was carried out by collecting 350 prescriptions containing antimicrobial agents in paediatric department at Sir Sayajirao General (SSG) Hospital, Vadodara to assess the prescribing patterns of antimicrobial agents. All information about the drugs details recorded in pre-tested Proforma that was finalized by our Pharmacology department. Results: Total 350 prescriptions containing 690 antimicrobial drugs were prescribed in patients during study. Of them aminoglycosides (233; 33.77%) was frequently prescribed followed by β-lactam group (191; 27.68) and cephalosporins (176; 25.5%). Average numbers of antimicrobials per prescription was 1.97.Out of...
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Posted by admin on Jul 1, 2012 in |
The study was designed to investigate the impact of colonic pH changes on formulated colon targeted Mesalamine matrix tablets in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Mesalamine tablets were fabricated with guar gum as Polymer system. The different batches of Mesalamine tablets (GMM1-GMM6) were compressed with increasing proportion of guar gum and HPMC E15 LV. The different buffer conditions were chosen to mimic the pH changes in terminal part of the ileum as well as the colon. A separate two in vitro studies were conducted in all the formulations. The impact of the pH changes on the coated tablets in normal pH condition and reduced pH condition (pH reduced during IBD) were compared. In IBD the pH of the colon falls below its normal level. The extent of pH change depends on the severity of the disease. The study was designed to evaluate the in vitro dissolution characteristics of Mesalamine matrix tablets in a variety of simulated fluids (pH range 1.2, 6, 6.8, 7.2, 5). The results indicated...
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Posted by admin on Jul 1, 2012 in |
Celecoxib, a diaryl substituted pyrazole, is practically insoluble in water which precludes its use in parenteral and liquid dosage forms. This study explores the solubility enhancement of celecoxib using hydrotropy and cosolvency solubilization approaches. The equilibrium solubility studies were performed using hydrotropes piperazine, sodium citrate, and urea and cosolvents PEG 200, PEG 400, PEG 600, DMA, Ethanol and Propylene glycol at various temperatures. Parenteral formulations using hydrotrope and cosolvents were developed and studied for accelerated stability study. The solubility of celecoxib was found to increase upto 45 times in 3M piperazine solution and upto 10232 times in PEG 600 at 25±20C. The results of solubilization study showed that the increase in solubility of celecoxib is smaller in piperazine and urea when used alone as compared to the increase in solubility which was found when these hydrotropes were used in combination with cosolvents PEG 600, PEG 400, DMA and Eth. Stability studies indicated that all the formulations stored were found to be stable for drug content, pH and change in...
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Posted by admin on Jul 1, 2012 in |
The voltammetric behavior of olopatadine was investigated at hanging mercury drop electrode using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. The drug under study exhibited a single, well-defined reduction peak owing to the reduction of carbon-carbon double bond. The electrode and reaction conditions which yielded maximum peak current were established using differential pulse voltammetry. A linear relationship was observed between the peak current and the concentration of olopatadine over the range 1.0 x10-8 M to 4.0 x10-7 M. The limits of detection and limits of quantitation were found to be 1.92 ng/mL and 6.34 ng/mL respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of olopatadine in pharmaceutical formulations without interference from...
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Posted by admin on Jul 1, 2012 in |
A simple, accurate, precise analytical method has been developed for the simultaneous estimation of ritonavir and lopinavir in pure bulk drug and in combined tablet dosage form by UV spectrophotometry by first order derivative method. The standard solutions of ritonavir and lopinavir were prepared in acetonitrile followed by further required with the same solvent. The solution containing ritonavir and lopinavir (20µg/mL and 80µg/mL) were scanned between 400 nm to 200 nm and from the overlain first order derivative graph it appeared that ritonavir showed zero crossing at 278.10 nm while lopinavir showed zero crossing at 246.70 nm. At zero crossing point of ritonavir (278.10 nm), lopinavir showed a measurable derivative absorbance where as at the zero crossing point of lopinavir (246.70 nm), ritonavir showed appreciable derivative absorbance value. Thus both the drugs do not interfere in the quantitation of one another. Calibration graphs showed linearity at the concentration ranges from 5-30 mg/ ml by ritonavir and from 20-120 mg/ ml by lopinavir. Corresponding regression equations of both the drugs...
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