Posted by admin on Jul 1, 2012 in |
Medicinal plants are various plants which are used in herbalism having medicinal properties. Few plants or their phytochemical constituents have been proven to have medicinal effects by rigorous science or have been approved by regulatory agencies. Shade dried leaves of Murraya koenigii was extracted using successive solvent extraction method using ethanol, chloroform and aqueous. Qualitative phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, phytosterols, deoxysugars, phenols, tannins, flavonoid, glycosides and anthraquinone. The extracts were tested for its antifungal activity against Penicillium, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium. Manilkara zapota was inoculated with the fungus and the ability of extracts to maintain the protein and sugar content was evaluated. Aqueous extract was found to be more active against Penicillium and A. niger in maintaining the protein and sugar content. Ethanol and chloroform extracts was found to be more active against A. flavus in maintaining the sugar content and A. niger in maintaining the protein...
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Posted by admin on Jul 1, 2012 in |
Assessment of antimicrobial use can be performed by evaluating their use. Drug use evaluation is a performance improvement method that focuses on evaluation and improvement of drug use processes to achieve optimal patient outcomes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the rational use of ceftriaxone in Ayder referral Hospital, Mekelle-Ethiopia. Retrospective cross sectional study was used to assess rational use of ceftriaxone. The study was conducted by reviewing medication records of 296 patients who received ceftriaxone during hospitalization at Ayder referral Hospital from September 11, 2009 to September 10, 2010. A systematic sampling method was used to select inpatient prescriptions with ceftriaxone and patient cards were located based on the medical record number on the prescription papers. Data was collected by using structured format and evaluated against WHO criteria for drug use evaluation as per standard treatment guideline of Ethiopia. Most patients were dosed as 2 g/day (79.4%). The duration of therapy was found to be high in the range 2-7 days (51.69%). Ceftriaxone was mainly used...
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Posted by admin on Jul 1, 2012 in |
Tapioca starch (NTS) was modified physically at molecular level by annealing and subsequently subjected to enzyme hydrolysis to obtain a more functional filler-binder “microcrystalline tapioca starch (MCTS)”. NTS was extracted from cassava tuber (Mannihot esculenta cranzt) using a standard method. The powder suspensions were prepared in concentration of 40 %w/w in five separate conical flasks. The starch granules were annealed for 1 h and subsequently hydrolyzed with α-amylase at 58o and pH 7 for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 h in a water bath. The reaction was terminated and neutralized with 0.1 N HCL and 0.1 N NaOH respectively. The MCTS was washed, recovered by sedimentation and air dried at room temperature for 72 h. Following characterization, the granules that were modified for 3 h, sieved fraction >75-250 µm was selected and compacted at a range of compression load 2.5 to 12.5 KN. The average granule size of NTS, annealed tapioca starch (ATS), and MCTS were 10 µm, 11.5 µm, and 13 µm respectively. Average flow rate, angle...
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Posted by admin on Jul 1, 2012 in |
In this study, Monolayer matrix (MLM) tablet and triple layer matrix (TLM) tablet formulation of metoprolol succinate were fabricated by using Hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose and Polymethacrylates (Eudragit) as the matrix forming agent in both the tablet core layer and barrier layers. The prepared tablets were analyzed for their drug content and in-vitro drug release studies. In-vitro evaluation and comparison of the MLM dosage form and TLM dosage form was done. The role of impermeable barrier layer in controlling the drug release from the core was studied. The in-vitro dissolution studies were carried out and showed a significant difference statistically (P value > 0.05 by ANOVA tool). Mean dissolution time (MDT) increased, while dissolution efficiency (DE %) decreased, indicating that the release of metoprolol succinate is slower from triple layer matrix tablets. The thermal analysis studies (DSC) performed on the initial TLM formulation and three month old accelerated stability sample of the same showed no variation in the thermograph, indicating TLM as stable formulation. The finding of the study indicated that the...
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Posted by admin on Jul 1, 2012 in |
Multivitamin tablets containing various substances of varying characteristics may have a problem in quantitative analysis. This research has developed HPLC method for simultaneous determination of three vitamin components that is thiamine (Vit. B1), riboflavin (Vit. B2) and pyridoxine (Vit. B3) in tablet formulation. The chromatographic separation was achieved by using a C-18 column with dimension of 4.6 mm I.D.X 250 mm and particle size of 5μm. A mixture of methanol: water (22:78) was used as mobile phase. The aqueous mobile phase contained O- phosphoric acid adjusted to pH 2.5, with flow rate of 1mL/min. The effluent was monitored at 290 nm at ambient temperature. Effective separation and quantification was achieved in less than 10 min. The method was simple, accurate, precise, and could be successfully applied for the analysis of thiamine, riboflavin, and pyridoxine multivitamin tablets. The HPLC results revealed that % vitamins were found to be for B1, B2 and B6 respectively in marketed multivitamin formulation. HPLC analysis of biological fluid (urine) showed that % Vit.B1 in 2,...
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