Posted by admin on Jul 1, 2011 in |
Nowadays there has been considerable interest in developing new routes alternative to injection for delivering macromolecules such as proteins and peptides. However, peptides and protein drugs are degraded before they reach the blood stream and can not cross the mucosal barrier. The mucoadhesive polymer coated nanoparticles can solve these problems. They were prepared by emulsion polymerization. Methyl methacrylate polymerized in the presence of polysaccharide such as carbapol leads to formation of mucoadhesive polymer coated nanoparticles. The mucoadhesive polymers could interact with the mucus glycoproteins which allow the mucoadhesive system to remain adhesive for an extended period of time. Coating nanoparticles with them improved their mucoadhesion. These mucoadhesive polymer coated nanoparticles are suitable for carrying hydrophilic drugs. In present study carbapol coated nanoparticles are prepared by emulsion polymerization technique. Particle size was measured by Scanning electron Microscope. The effect of polymer concentration and chemical initiator concentration on the resultant nanoparticles was...
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Posted by admin on Jul 1, 2011 in |
The study is aimed towards studying synergistic antimicrobial effect of cow urine and Azadirachta indica against bacterial, fungal and yeast strains. Mother Nature is the best healer. Last few decades have seen tremendous development in pharma sector. Even though these industries have produced a large number of new drugs and new antibiotics and so does the resistance among microbes is growing. Bacterial strains used were Streptomyces aureofaciens (MTCC 325), E.coli (MTCC 448), Streptococcus mutans (MTCC 497) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC 7093). Fungal strains used were Candida albicans (MTCC183) and yeasts like Candida paraopsilosis (MTCC 1965), Candida tropicalis (MTCC 184), and Candida glabrata (MTCC 3019). When equilibrated amount of cow urine is used with Azadirachta indica remarkable synergistic effects were observed in the case of C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, P. aeruginosa, S. aureofaciens....
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Posted by admin on Jul 1, 2011 in |
Orthosiphon stamineus (Family: Lamiaceae) has becoming one of the popular medicinal plants in Malaysia due to its high beneficial effects in treating diabetes mellitus, hypertension and kidney stones. The present study was conducted to evaluate the mechanism of O. stamineus in affecting metabolism of aminopyrine in female rat hepatocytes via second messenger pathway. Liver perfusion was used to isolate hepatocytes from the healthy female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Isolated perfused rat hepatocytes were pretreated with several enzyme inhibitors/stimulant targeted on the protein kinases, phosphatase and phosphodiesterase. From the results obtained, only the activity of aminopyrine N-demethylase in female rat hepatocytes pre-treated with KT5720 showed significantly increased in the presence of 1 ng/ml (P<0.05) of O. stamineus extract. For conclusion, 1 ng/ml of O. stamineus extract increased the metabolism of aminopyrine in rat hepatocytes by inhibiting the protein kinase- A...
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Posted by admin on Jul 1, 2011 in |
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of permeation of drug into skin by taking three different vesicle size niosomal formulations. The combined influence of 3 independent variables in the preparation of venlafaxine niosomes by the Ether Injection Method and it was to derive a second order polynomial equation and construct contour plots to predict responses. Seventeen batches were prepared by the Ether Injection Method and evaluated for vesicle size and polydispersity index. Contour plots were constructed to show the effects of X1, X2 and X3 on the vesicle size and polydispersity index. Niosome are acceptable and superior carriers and also have ability to encapsulate hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs and protect them from degradation. Niosomes were characterised for entrapment efficiency, vesicle size and Permeation and drug deposition in the rat skin. Stability of niosomes formulation was studied at two different temperature conditions for 30 days. Niosomes dispersion were found to be stable and preparation of niosomes using factorial design was found to be well suited and...
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Posted by admin on Jul 1, 2011 in |
Back Ground: Overuse of injections is considered as an important indicator of irrational prescribing pattern in a given health care setting owing to the invasive nature of such drug delivery system. Moreover, blood-borne diseases such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV/AIDS can be transmitted through unsafe injections due to poor injection practices and injection overuse. If the use of injections exceeds the availability of injection accessories, reuse of syringes and needles is likely. Therefore, the greater the use, the higher is the risk. Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess injection use prevalence and completeness of information on prescriptions in Ayder Referral Hospital (ARH). Methodology: A population based descriptive (ecological) study was conducted on prescriptions of both in- and out-patients at ARH. Of the total of 11,980, some 2880 prescriptions containing injectable drugs prescribed during the months of February and March, 2010 were reviewed. Results: During the study period, 24% (2880) of all the prescriptions ordered were found to have consisted at least one injectable. A...
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