Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2025 in |
Millets are small-seeded grasses that have nutraceutical properties due to high content of proteins, dietary fibre, vitamins, antioxidants, and other valuable phytochemicals, important for health and wellbeing. The objective of the research was to analyse the phytochemical compounds and antioxidant properties of minor millet varieties viz., Kodo, Proso, Barnyard, Finger, Foxtail, and Little Millets. A quantitative phytochemical examination revealed the presence of phenols, steroids, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, and tannins irrespective of the extraction method used. Antioxidant assay was done by the phosphomolybdate method. These findings indicate that different millet types possess distinct phytochemical profiles. Finger Millets and Foxtail Millets were rich in phenols and flavonoids, while Barnyard Millets had increased levels of alkaloids, saponins, and tannins. The antioxidant evaluation of Kodo, Proso, Barnyard, Finger, Foxtail, and Little Millets extracts showed that the Finger millet exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (4.12 μg AAE/ml in DW and 5.34 μg AAE/ml in Me). Methanol extracts generally showed higher antioxidant values than distilled water extracts, indicating that methanol is a more effective solvent...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2025 in |
Introduction: Hypertension is a leading global health concern, contributing significantly to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Despite the availability of various antihypertensive therapies, the optimal treatment regimen, particularly in diverse populations, remains a subject of ongoing research. This study aims to compare the efficacy, safety, and patient satisfaction of two commonly prescribed antihypertensive combinations: Losartan + Amlodipine and Losartan + Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ). Materials & Methods: This prospective, randomized, open-label study involved 300 newly diagnosed hypertension patients (aged 18-80) at UPUMS, Saifai. Patients were randomly assigned to Group A (Losartan + Amlodipine) or Group B (Losartan + Hydrochlorothiazide). Over a year, blood pressure, heart rate, and adverse effects were monitored at baseline, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks. Data were analyzed using SPSS, with significance set at p < 0.05. Ethical approval was obtained. Results: The baseline demographic characteristics showed no significant differences between the two groups. In Group A (Losartan + Amlodipine), 54.67% were male, and 45.33% were female. Group B (Losartan + Hydro-Chlorothiazide) had 50.67% males and 49.33% females. Age...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2025 in |
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder marked by insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, and persistent hyperglycaemia. It accounts for over 90% of global diabetes cases and contributes to approximately 9% of global mortality, equating to nearly four million deaths annually. With a rising burden in rural areas, identifying the prevalence and risk factors is crucial for effective public health planning. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of T2DM and its associated risk factors in a rural population aged 30 years and above in Gwalior district, Madhya Pradesh. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1st May 2023 to 30th April 2024 in the rural area of Gwalior. A total of 250 individuals aged 30 years and above were enrolled. Data collection included demographic characteristics, lifestyle risk factors, BMI categorization, smoking, and alcohol consumption status. Fasting blood glucose levels were measured to identify diabetes and impaired fasting glucose. Results: The overall prevalence of T2DM was 14.8%, while 20% of participants exhibited impaired fasting...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2025 in |
Vortioxetine, a well-established antidepressant for major depressive disorder, faces limitations in traditional formulations regarding patient compliance and rapid onset of action. Mouth dissolving tablets (MDTs) offer a patient-friendly alternative, particularly beneficial for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate MDTs of vortioxetine using super disintegrants (Cros povidone, Croscarmellose sodium, Sodium starch glycolate), effervescent agents, and sublimation techniques. Twelve formulations (F1–F9) were prepared via direct compression, each containing 4 mg vortioxetine. The tablets were evaluated for physical properties (hardness, friability, disintegration time), drug content, dissolution profiles, and stability. Results indicated rapid disintegration (85% within 10 minutes). Stability studies over 45 days showed no significant changes in drug content or disintegration time. The optimized formulation (F9) demonstrated superior performance, with 98.5% drug release at 10 minutes. MDTs of vortioxetine present advantages such as enhanced patient compliance, ease of administration, and potential for faster therapeutic effects. This study underscores the potential of MDTs as a viable alternative to conventional tablets, particularly for patients with dysphagia. Further clinical...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2025 in |
Background: Pharmacology education has evolved with the introduction of competency-based medical education (CBME). Traditional live animal experiments in pharmacology practical face ethical, logistical, and regulatory challenges. Computer-assisted learning (CAL) using animal simulation software offers an alternative that aligns with CPCSEA guidelines, emphasizing the 4Rs (Reduction, Refinement, Replacement, and Rehabilitation). Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of CAL as a teaching-learning and assessment tool for 2nd MBBS students and to analyze student feedback on the use of CAL software in pharmacology practical. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted among 125 2nd MBBS students at Tezpur Medical College. Students participated in a CAL session on the “Effect of drugs on the rabbit eye”. Pre-test and Post-test MCQs scores were recorded. Assessment was conducted using CAL software in an examination mode. Feedback was collected using a structured questionnaire based on the Likert scale. Data analysis was done. Results: The mean pre-test score was 36%, while the post-test score improved significantly to 71% (p<0.05). The proportion of students scoring between...
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