Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2020 in |
Clarithromycin is a lipophilic and poorly water-soluble macrolide antibiotic which belongs to class II of the biopharmaceutics classification system. Its oral absorption and related bioavailability are dissolution rate-limited and relatively low. Subsequently, the formulation of oral clarithromycin delivery systems poses a huge challenge to the formulation scientist. Utilization of self – micro emulsifying drug delivery system technology, with the intent of enhancing oral bioavailability of clarithromycin was designed as this study’s principal objective. Following successful screening studies involving solubility, compatibility and phase evaluations, series of clarithromycin – loaded self – micro emulsifying drug delivery system formulations were developed. Formulations were subjected to optimization and characterization analyses, from which formulation C2A with compositions (% w/w) of olive oil 5%, Tween 80: ethanol (4:1) 94.42%, clarithromycin 0.5% and aspartame 0.08% was optimized. The optimized/ test formulation was subjected to stability, in-vitro drug release, and pharmacokinetic analyses. Estimated parameters included a droplet size of 16.30 ± 3.31 nm, polydispersity index of 0.203 ± 0.11, and zeta potential of -2.01 ± 1.56 millivolts....
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2020 in |
Cinnamaldehyde is the aldehyde that gives cinnamon its flavour and odour. It occurs naturally in the bark of cinnamon tree (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), a common Indian spice. The essential oil of cinnamon bark contains about 90% of cinnamaldehyde. It exists as a yellow oily liquid with a cinnamon odor and sweet taste and is traditionally known to have many medicinal properties, although the mechanism of action is not completely understood. Macrophages are one of the most important cells of the immune system and play important role in influencing the inflammation cascade process. The current study aimed towards understanding the role of this medicinal plant product on genes of the inflammatory pathways, especially in the context of macrophages. For this purpose, the effects of Cinnamaldehyde were studied on the macrophage cell line J774A.1. Our studies indicate that treatment of these cells with various concentrations of Cinnamaldehyde alters levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-12. Further studies are required to get a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which Cinnamaldehyde may be...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2020 in |
Free radicals are unstable molecules that are formed during normal cell metabolism through chemical changes that take place in a cell. This causes damage to cellular components such as cells, proteins, and DNA, or the cell membrane. Free radicals play a role in a complex interplay of different mechanisms in both normal agings, neurodegenerative, and other diseases. Aqueous and methanolic solvent extracts of pulp (without seed), pericarp, leaf, and seed of Aegle marmelos were subjected to phytochemical screening tests, quantitative determination of total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total flavonol content (TF) and in-vitro antioxidant activities such as DPPH, hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2), reducing power assay (RPA), ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), ABTS and phosphomolybdenum total antioxidant assay (PM) by using standard procedures for the detection. The aqueous extract of pulp was found to possess maximum TPC (23.88±0.91mg GAE/g), TFC (63±0.25mg QE/g) and TF (13.30±0.53mg QE/g) values for methanolic leaf extract, respectively. The lower EC50 values were observed for DPPH assay for aqueous extract of seed is 160.117±1.62...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2020 in |
The objective of this study was to formulate a Novel drug delivery device that is capable of releasing the drug in controlled kinetics through the oral route, bypassing the acidic environment of the stomach. Therefore, it was planned to develop an osmotic device with an enteric coating. It was projected to enhance the strength of the semi-permeable membrane for the osmotic device to control drug release for a longer time at controlled release kinetics. The formulations were designed and optimized by using OFAT design to find out the best formulation. The drug release rate was taken up to 8 h, and a comparative study of drug release with a marketed product was carried out. The drug release kinetics showed the optimized device to follow zero-order release kinetics. The FT-IR studies revealed that no physicochemical interaction between excipients and drugs. Stability studies showed that optimized formulation was stable. The observed drug release pattern was found significantly similar at a later stage to release the pattern of a marketed product. The...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2020 in |
In recent work, an ethanolic extract of okra seeds was successfully conjugated onto gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) via a reduction reaction that has been developed by our laboratory. Because of eliciting antioxidant activity and the presence of g-sitosterol in the extract, such synthesis methodology could be applied. The resulting okra-AuNPs were physically characterized by different methods, including dynamic light scattering (DLS), Zeta potential measurement, UV-Visible spectrophotometry, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Helium Ion Microscopy (HIM), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The other two biological characterization techniques, such as thioflavin assay and cell viability test, were also performed. Results indicated that the okra-AuNPs were spherical with a mean diameter of around 35.6 nm. A maximum absorption wavelength (lmax) was at 521 nm. A zeta potential was determined to be around -59.2 ± 2.9 mV. Binding between the okra-AuNPs and islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) was observed, resulting in IAPP aggregation and reduction of β-sheet contents of the aggregated polypeptides. It seemed that the okra-AuNPs exhibited cytoprotective activity on pancreatic beta cells by...
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