Posted by admin on May 31, 2020 in |
The development of analytical methods is in need for the estimation of drugs in pure and different pharmaceutical formulations. A simple, sensitive, rapid, accurate, precise and economic spectrophotometric and spectro-fluorimetric method was developed and validated for Nadolol in pure and pharmaceutical formulations. The proposed method was validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The wave length (λmax) used for the estimation of Nadolol is 267 nm by spectrophotometry, excitation (λEx)-267 nm and emission (λEm)-300 nm by spectrofluorimetry. The linearity of the calibration curve was validated by the high values of the correlation coefficient of regression. The percentage of drugs recovered 100.37 ± 0.94% and 99.9 ± 0.59% for spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric methods respectively. LOD and LOQ values for Nadolol were found to be 3.531 µg/ml and 10.70 µg/ml by spectrophotometry and 0.45 µg/ml and 1.37 µg/ml by spectrofluorimetry. The developed methods are simple and suitable for the determination of Nadolol in pure and pharmaceutical...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2020 in |
Psidium guajava Linn. the most popular and widely cultivated fruiting plant all over Bangladesh. The present study was aimed to investigate the antioxidant, analgesic and antimicrobial activities of n-hexane (HPG), chloroform (CLPG) and ethyl acetate fractions (ET APG) obtained from methanol extract of Psidium guajava (MPG) leaves. The in-vitro antioxidant activity of fractions HPG, CLPG and ET APG were determined using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ascorbic acid was used as standard. The IC50 value of HPG, CLPG and ET APG were 29.96 µg/ml, 26.84 µg/ml and 24.29 µg/ml respectively whereas the IC50 value of ascorbic acid was 6.23 µg/ml. Analgesic activity of HPG, CLPG and ET APG extracts (400 mg/kg) were evaluated using acetic acid-induced writhing model of pain in mice and demonstrated significant reduction of pain in mice with the effect of 56.10%, 60.51% and 70.12% respectively (p<0.05) and were comparable to that of standard, diclofenac sodium (77.22%). Preliminary phytochemical screening of different fractions showed the presence of bioactive constituents like alkaloids, saponin, flavonoids, tannins and triterpenoids. Further,...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2020 in |
The reaction of 5- (2- chlorophenyl)- 7- nitro- 3H- 1, 4-benzodiazepin-2-thione (I) with glycine (A) by means of Na2CO3 in refluxing ethanol in water gives 2-carboxymethylamino-7-nitro-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-3H-1, 4-benzodiazepine(II), which is cyclized by means of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide in methylene chloride to afford 8-nitro-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,2-dihydro-1H,4H-imidazo[1, 2-a] [1, 4]benzodiazepin-1-one (III). The reaction of (III) with dimethylformamide diethylacetal (B) by means of triethylamine in benzene yields 8-nitro-2-(dimethylaminomethylene)-6-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,2-dihydro-1H, 4H-imidazo[1,2a] [1,4]benzodiazepin-1-one(IV), which is treated with N-methylpiperazine (C) in refluxing toluene result 8-nitro-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(N-methylpiperazin-1- ylmethylene)- 1, 2- dihydro- 1H, 4H- imidazo[1,2a] [1,4] benzodiazepin-1-one (V). This compound is finally treated with methanesulfonic acid. The condensation of 6-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,2-dihydro-8-nitro-1H, 4H-imidazo [1,2-a] [1,4] benzodiazepin-1one, with 1(dimethoxymethyl)-4-methylpiperazine (II) gives the free base of Loprazolam Mesylate (III), which is then treated with methanesulfonic acid. 5-aryl-1, 3-di-hydro-7-substitued-2H-1,4-benzodiazepine-2-thiones were condensed with glycine in aqueous ethanol to give the previously unreported amino acid. Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide in dry methylenechloride cyclized. These acids to the imidazolobenzodiazepines which were found to oil unstable to hydrolytic...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2020 in |
Candesartan cilexetil is a novel, potent, and highly selective non-peptide angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker. It is a hydrophobic drug that belongs to the BCS Class II drug. For enhancement, the bioavailability and quick systemic action of Candesartan cilexetil a novel formulation of buccal (effervescent) tablet, was designed. Preformulation is an important step in the rational formulation of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). Micromeritics properties: Bulk density (du), Tapped density (db), Compressibility Index (% C) and sieve analysis was performed in order to determine the best excipients to be used in the formulation development of Candesartan cilexetil (effervescent) tablets. Results show that Candesartan Cilexetil has a fair flow and compressibility properties (du 0.8 g/mL, db 0.7 g/mL, % C 12.5, and sieve analysis time 4.5 min. HPLC method for estimation of Candesartan cilexetil shows linearity ( R2 = 1) and specific with no interference of excipients. Solubility studies reveal that it soluble at pH 6.8 and 7.5 in phosphate buffer. The ability of a material to absorb water...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2020 in |
Even though numerous herbal preparations have been recommended in alternative systems of medicine against hepatic disorders, many of them cause severe toxicity upon prolonged use. Volvariella volvacea (Bull.: Fr.) Singer is a highly nutritious mushroom that can be incorporated into the regular diet without the fear of side effects. The protective effect of the aqueous ethanol extract of V. volvacea mycelia was evaluated against acetaminophen (APAP) induced hepatic damage in Wistar rats. A single dose of APAP (3 g/kg, p.o.) was used for inducing hepatic damage. The extract was administrated orally at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg, once daily for 7 days. Treatment with APAP (3 g/kg) increased the activities of liver function enzymes serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). APAP also reduced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and enhanced lipid peroxidation in liver tissue. Administration of V. volvacea extract (500 mg/kg, p.o.) decreased the activities of SGPT, SGOT, and ALP. It also...
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