Posted by admin on May 31, 2019 in |
Gynura crepioides, also known as Okinawa Spinach, belongs to the family Asteraceae, which is known to possess various medicinal properties. The present study was thus aimed at determining the GC-MS based chemical profiling, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and anti-oxidant (AO) capacity of the organic crude extracts such as hexane, chloroform-ethyl acetate, obtained from the extraction of the leaves of G. crepioides by application of Folin-Ciocalteu method, aluminium chloride calorimetric method and DPPH radical scavenging assay, respectively. The results obtained from UV-VIS microplate spectrophotometer indicated a high amount of phenolic and flavonoid content in the leaves. Ethyl acetate extract was found to display highest TPC (10.09 ± 0.20 mg GAE/g) and TFC (9.56 ± 0.22 mg QE/g). Interestingly, ethyl acetate extract also displayed highest AO capacity with IC50 value of 0.74 mg/mL as compared to chloroform and hexane extracts with IC50 values of 0.90 mg/mL and 1.50 mg/mL, respectively with respect to the standard BHT (IC50=0.04 mg/mL). GC-MS revealed the presence of sulfurous acid, 2-ethylhexylisohexyl ester...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2019 in |
In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions for obtaining the maximum yield and content of phenolic compounds of Ammi visnaga extracts (EAV). Three independent variables including ethanol concentration (%), extraction time (time) and solvent-to-material ration (mL/g) were studied. The results showed that the optimal UAE condition was obtained with an ethanol concentration of 76%, an extraction time of 36 min and a solvent-to-material ratio of 13 mL/g for total phenols. Ethanol concentration, extraction time and solvent-to-material ratio was respectively 79%, 38 min and 11 mL/g for the maximum yield. The experimental values under optimal conditions were in good consistent with the predicted values, confirming the suitability of the model employed and the success of RSM for optimization of the extraction...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2019 in |
Off-label use is defined as the use of pharmaceutical drugs for an unapproved indication or unapproved age group, dose, dosage or route of administration. An off-label use provides the best intervention for the patient when medical evidence justifies its use, but this can also be harmful due to the increased risk of adverse drug reactions when lacking a solid evidentiary basis. Hence, the aim was to assess the use of off-label drugs, observe and document the ADRs, and to find the medical evidence for the same. An observational study was conducted in PSG hospitals from January 2017- September 2017 which included patients prescribed with at least one drug for their medical condition. Patient’s information was collected from the medical records and was referenced against the FDA label. Of the total 1646 prescriptions, 54.7% of prescriptions were off-label. Of the total of 10430 medications, 10.40% were off-label. The most common type of off-label drug use was an unapproved indication (74%) followed by unapproved drug (24%). Around 80% of the off-label...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2019 in |
Bilayer tablet concept has been investigated to develop a combination of sustained and immediate release formulations. The present study aims to develop and evaluate to provide a combined therapy through a single tablet in which combinations of Metoprolol succinate and Hydrochlorothiazide were used. The pharmacokinetics advantage of this formulation was, drug release from the fast releasing layer leads to an immediate rise in the blood concentration. But the drug concentration in the blood is maintained at the steady-state level as the drug is released from the sustained release layer. The dose is varied upon the patient’s severity conditions. It varied from metoprolol succinate 25 mg to 200 mg and hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg to 25 mg. A bilayer dosage form is containing Metoprolol succinate SR and Hydrochlorothiazide IR, respectively for the management of...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2019 in |
A simple and sensitive kinetic method is described for the determination of drugs viz., Bendamustine hydrochloride (BEN), Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CIP), Dorzolamide hydrochloride (DOR), Pantoprazole sodium (PAN), Warfarin sodium (WAR). This method is based upon a kinetic investigation of drug oxidation with alkaline potassium permanganate. Kinetics of the oxidation reaction is followed spectrophotometrically, as one of the reaction product, Mn (VI), absorbed at 610 nm. All variables affecting color development have been investigated and the conditions optimized. Among the methods applied were the Initial rate and fixed-time methods. Accounting for the applicability, the sensitivity, values of correlation coefficient (r) and intercept (a), the Fixed-time method is selected for these five drugs assay. The absorbance-concentration plots were rectilinear within the range of 8.5-51 µg.mL-1 for BEN 1-6 µg.mL-1 for CIP, 10-60 µg.mL-1 for DOR 20-120 µg.mL-1 an7-42 µg.mL-1 for WAR. The statistical data for the results challenged for the robustness of the fixed-time...
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