Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2017 in |
Medicinal properties in Lawsonia inermis are due to the presence of bioactive compounds and can also show adverse effects at high concentrations. In the present study we have determined the nontoxic concentration of hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol fractions of plant leaves. 50 wistar albino rats of both sexes were used as experimental animal and were randomly divided into 4 groups viz. Group 1 (control), Group 2 (Hexane fraction), Group 3 (Ethyl acetate Fraction) and Group 4 (Methanol Fraction). Groups 2, 3 and 4 were further divided into following sub groups, Group 2A (H) (100mg/kg), Group 2B (H) (250mg/kg), Group 2C (H) (500mg/kg), Group 3A (H) (100mg/kg), Group 3B (H) (250mg/kg), Group 3C (H) (500mg/kg), Group 4A (H) (100mg/kg), Group 4B (H) (250mg/kg) and Group 4C (H) (500mg/kg). Rats in Group 1 (control) received 3% DMSO as solvent for dissolving fractions. All the doses were administered orally with the help of polythene cannula and were given once in a day, followed up to 21 days. After 21 days, blood...
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Posted by admin on Sep 2, 2017 in |
A series of new Mannich base derivatives were designed, synthesized by conventional and non-conventional microwave method, compared and evaluated for their antimicrobial and anti-mycobacterial activity. Structures of the newly synthesized compounds were assigned on the basis of elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectral studies. The bioactive assay showed that Mannich base derivative 1c displayed encouraging anti-tubercular activity in vitro against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra using MABA method in primary screening. The antibacterial and antifungal efficacy of these derivatives using broth micro dilution method, showed potency for 1c against Escherichia coli, 1g against Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and 1j against Candida albicans in comparison with reference drugs. Furthermore, docking study has been performed for three different PDBs (3JZF, 4NZ9 and 2WHF) of different strains that showed good binding interactions. Moreover, the synthesized compounds were also analyzed for ADME properties and showed potential to build up as good oral drug...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2017 in |
Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and affects primarily the lungs. Breast tissue is remarkably resistant to tuberculosis. This is due to fact that it gives infertile environment for survival and multiplication of tubercle bacilli like skeletal muscle and spleen. The breast may become infected by variety of ways e.g. haematogenous, lymphatic, spread from contiguous structures, direct inoculation and ductal infection. The path of spread of disease from lungs to breast tissue was traced via trachea-bronchial, Para tracheal, mediastinal lymph trunk and internal mammary nodes. Scrofulous swelling of the bosom is the description given by Sir Astley Cooper who recorded first ever Breast Tuberculosis. It is usually seen in lactating young multiparous women and presents as lump in the central or upper outer quadrant of breast. It is occasionally mistaken as Carcinoma Breast or Breast Abscess. The overall incidence of tuberculosis Mastitis is reported to be 0.1 % of all breast lesions while in developing countries it constituted approximately 3.0 % of surgically treated breast...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2017 in |
Baboon’s Cucumber (Kedrostis africana (Linnaeus) Cogn is a monoecious caudiciform plant that belongs to Cucurbitaceae family. Baboon’s Cucumber is used traditionally for the management of syphilis and obesity in South Africa. In the present study, we examined the hatchability and lethality of Baboon’s Cucumber bulb extracts against brine shrimps. The tested samples were aqueous extract, acetone extract, and ethanol extract. Cytotoxicity was screened using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). The hatching success was in the order: ethanol extracts (49.2%) >aqueous extract (45.4%) >acetone extract (45.2%). All the extracts hatching success were significantly higher than the positive control (potassium dichromate) (p <0.05). Based on Clarkson’s toxicity index, LC50> 1 mg/mL were considered non-toxic for acetone extract while the aqueous and ethanolic extracts were considered to be moderately toxic (LC50 100-500 μg/mL) with LC50 of 0.298 and 0.489 mg/mL respectively. In conclusion, since the aqueous and ethanolic bulb extracts of K. africana exhibits potent cytotoxic property comparable to that of standard drug. Therefore, this might be utilized for the development of...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2017 in |
Crystal engineering of cocrystals promises a new approach for the development of suitable solid phase when the solubility of API is compromised. Cocrystals are an emerging solid-state form to change physicochemical and biopharmaceutical drug properties. A cocrystal is defined as a stoichiometric hydrogen-bonded complex in the solid state between the active drug species and a suitable coformer molecule that is safe for human consumption. In the present work, cocrystal of telmisartan has been prepared with citric acid. The TEL-CA cocrystal prepared by fast evaporation technique was initially characterized using DSC and FTIR studies. The PXRD pattern of the cocrystal was completely different from that of drug and coformer. The crystal structure determined using Material Studio software (Accelrys) showed triclinic symmetry with P1 space group. TEL-CA cocrystal forms a hetersynthon involving the amine group of telmisartan and carboxylic acid group of citric acid. The equilibrium solubility and intrinsic dissolution rate of cocrystal showed improvement in solubility as compared to pure drug. The pharmacokinetic parameters also showed a two fold increase...
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