Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2017 in |
The kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of Phenylephrine (PHE) by Chloramine-T (CAT) in acid media have been investigated by spectroscopic technique at the temperature of 298 K. It is found that the reaction is of first order with respect to PHE, fractional order with respect to CAT & inverse order with respect to H+. The reaction rate remained unchanged with the variation of ionic strength of the medium indicating that the non ionic species are involved in the rate determining step. The rate of reaction decreases with increase in concentration of dielectric constant. Addition of chloride ions had no effect on rate of reaction. The stoichiometric ratio was found to be 1:1(PHE: CAT) ratio. The major oxidation product of PHE has been identified by an UV, Cyclic voltammetry (CV), IR, H1 NMR and Mass spectroscopy. On the basis of the experimental results, a suitable mechanism has been proposed. The rate constants of the rate-determining step together with the activation parameters were evaluated and also thermodynamic quantities were...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2017 in |
Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg) empirically has been used in certain communities in Indonesia as a traditional medicine. Biosynthesis process can change colour leaves of breadfruit from green leaves (GL), yellow leaves (YL), fallen yellow (FY), fallen dry (FD), and the process fermentation of green leaves become fermented green (FG). The purpose of this study was to determine whether the methanol extract of breadfruit leaves variations have activity to Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Propionibacterium acnes and Candida albicans and determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). Simplicia was processing maseration used methanol, phytochemical screening on the fifth methanol extracts, botanicals characterization, activity test against to Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Propionibacterium acnes, and activity test against to Candida albicans. Active extracts determined Minimum Inhibitory Content (MIC) and TLC. MIC used agar diffusion method. The test results showed antibacterial and antifungal activity variations of fermented green gives effective results than other breadfruit leaf variations. MIC values for the bacterium Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Propionibacterium acnes, and the Fungi Candida albicans in a...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2017 in |
In the present work ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform and benzene extract of the Michaelia champaca leaves were screened for their antimicrobial activity. The ethanolic extracts of M. champaca leaves were proved to have the maximum antimicrobial activity; thus the ethanolic leaf extract was selected and the nanoparticles were synthesized using ionic gelification method. The nanoparticles were characterized physically and chemically using TEM and FTIR respectively. The herbal extract loaded nanopartricles were coated on to the non woven cotton fabric using the pad dry cure method. The antimicrobial activity of the untreated and treated (M. champaca leaf extracts coated fabric and leaf extract loaded nanoparticles coated fabric) fabric were assessed by the standard AATCC 147, AATCC 30 and laundering durability. The herbal leaf extract loaded nanoparticles coated fabric showed the better antimicrobial activity and particularly highest wash durability when compared with other treated fabric. The controlled and sustained releasing property of the herb extract loaded nanoparticles could be attributed to its very effective antimicrobial activity. These particles could further...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2017 in |
Adipose tissue has immunomodulating effects in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Previous studies suggested that obesity could negatively affect the response to anti-TNF-α agents. We aimed to determine whether body mass index (BMI) is involved in the response to the anti-CD20 “Rituximab” in RA. In 100 patients with active RA, the BMI was categorized into two groups (<25 kg/m2 and ≥ 25 kg/m2) and calculated before initiation of rituximab treatment. Changes from baseline in Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28); Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) disability index; C-reactive protein levels (CRP); erythrocyte sedimentation rate levels (ESR); tender and swollen joint count (TJC, SJC); pain and global on a visual analog scale (VAS) were analyzed within 12 weeks. The primary outcome was decreased in DAS28 ≥ 1.2, while secondary outcomes were the European League against Rheumatism (EULAR) response criteria. Radiographical erosive status and adipokine levels of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) and chemerin were also evaluated. As a result, the mean ± SD of BMI for all patients was 27 ± 4.6 kg/m2....
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2017 in |
Introduction: Expanding technicians’ role allows pharmacists to focus on patient care. In Egypt, the health authorities refuse to admit technicians’ role. In the draft amendments to the law, the “technician” was removed from the pharmacy workforce. Despite the high pharmacist density; technicians manage shifts alone. Technicians’ role is unclear and they have no educational programs resulting in drug-related errors. This study assessed pharmacists’ and technicians’ attitudes towards technicians’ current role and certification concept. Methods: Two validated specially designed questionnaires were distributed to pharmacists and technicians in Cairo, Giza and Qalyobia and filled at once by a direct interview. The questionnaires discussed: demographics, technician job satisfaction, task distribution and the concept of technician certification. Chi-square and Fisher’s Exact tests were conducted (P<0.05). Results: Questionnaires were filled by 502 pharmacists and 500 technicians. Technicians were standing alone in 247 pharmacies (26.8%). Technicians made drug-related errors as reported by 267 pharmacists (53.2%). Four hundred and thirty seven pharmacists (87.1%) and 470 technicians (94%) agreed on application of technician certification and 381 pharmacists...
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