Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2016 in |
The aim of this study was to compare the skin permeation of liposomes, transfersomes and ethosomes of lamivudine under non-occlusive conditions. The liposome and transfersomes prepared by thin film hydration method and ethosomes were prepared by slight modification on hot method. The Liposomal formulation (LP1) ethosomal formulation (ET2) and transfersomal (TF2) formulation showed highest entrapment 49.76 ± 2.1%, 81.97 ± 1.5% and 83.81 ± 1.4%, optimal nanometric size range 515 ± 4.6 nm, 374 ± 8.9nm and 315 ± 8.5nm and smallest polydispersity index0.529±0.019,0.432± 0.011 and 0.422± 0.009 respectively. The results of skin fluorescence experiments showed that penetration depth and fluorescence intensity of calcein from ethosomes and transfersomes was much greater than that from liposomes. Stability studies indicated that there was no significant physical change in vesicular formulation for 45 days at different temperatures. The in vitro result indicates that liposome retrain on the surface of skin due to poor permeation power, transfersomes improve penetrates of lamivudine and made drug easiest to accumulate in the skin. Ethosomes enhances permeation...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2016 in |
A mononuclear copper(II) complex [Cu(bpy)2(NO3)] NO3 H2O (bpy = 2,2’-bipyridine) has been synthesized and characterized based on physico-chemical spectral data. The complex is characterized based on electronic, IR and ESR spectroscopies. The structure of the complex is determined by single crystal X-Ray crystallography. The complex crystallizes in monoclinic space group P-1. Structural analysis reveals that the complex adopts square pyramidal geometry with CuN4O chromophore. The interactions of these complexes with calf thymus DNA have been investigated using absorption spectrophotometry. The high binding constant 4.89 x 106 M–1 may be due to the strong electrostatic attraction between the cationic complex and the negatively charged phosphodiester backbone of DNA. Nuclease activities of complexes are investigated on double stranded pBR322 plasmid DNA using gel electrophoresis experiments under different conditions. The complex cleaves DNA more effectively in the presence of...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2016 in |
Most low density bags are made from polythene, a chemically inert compound consisting of carbon and hydrogen. Burning of this plastic waste and burying of the plastics releases harmful toxic material which is a major pollutant in environment. Degradation of waste plastics through microorganism is the alternative method to deal with such problems. In this present study low density polythene bags degrading bacteria were isolated from greater Visakhapatnam dumping yard. Out of 20 isolates, one isolate was selected, due to its significant activity in biodegradation of polymer. After 30 days of incubation the isolate resulted 28% in weight loss of polythene bags. SEM images of the treated polythene bags confirmed that the isolate is having significant biodegradation ability by forming holes on the surface. Increased biomass of the bacteria on polymer and decreased biomass in spent medium indicates the significant utilization of polythene, as carbon source. The degraded material contains 5×102 CFU/mL of bacteria. Morphology and biochemical tests confirmed that isolate belongs to Pseudomonas sp. This work reveals that...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2016 in |
Simple and sensitive extractive spectrophotometric methods for the determination of Ethambutol in pure form and in pharmaceutical formulations using triphenyl methane dyes have been developed. The developed methods involve formation of coloured chloroform extractable ion-pair complexes of the drug with triphenyl methane dyes viz., bromocresol green (BCG), bromocresol purple (BCP) and bromophenol blue (BPB) in acidic medium. The extracted complexes formed with BCG, BCP and BPB showed absorbance maxima at 420, 419 and 415 nm respectively. The stoichiometry of the ion- pair complex is found to be 1:1 in each case. Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration ranges 2.0-25, 3.0-30 and 4.0-40 μg/ml with BCG, BCP and BPB respectively. The effect of concentration of dye, pH, and interference of excipients have been studied for optimization. The limits of detection and quantification have been determined for all the three methods. These methods have been validated as per the guidelines of ICH. The results of analysis were validated statistically through recovery...
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Posted by admin on Sep 30, 2016 in |
Background: Diabetes mellitus comprises a group of metabolic disorders that share the common phenotype of hyperglycemia, association with the biochemical alteration of glucose and lipid peroxidation. Abnormalities in metabolism, including elevated polyol pathway, increased non-enzymatic glycation, accumulation of AGEs, uncontrolled oxidative stress, protein kinase C activity (PKC) and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) result from glucose dysmetabolism and evidently also contribute to the development of retinopathy. The aim of this study was to analyze and correlate determine the levels of Malondialdehyde and Superoxide dismutase in patients of Type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without retinopathy. Materials and Methods: The study population comprised of 54 type 2 diabetics with retinopathy and 54 type 2 diabetics without retinopathy in the age group of 35-74 years. HbA1c, MDA, and SOD were assayed for both subjects. Results were analyzed carried out by using SPSS 16.0 version (Chicago, Inc., USA). Results: Serum MDA levels were highly significant increased in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Retinopathy in comparison to without Retinopathy (4.25±1.03...
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