Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2015 in |
Exposure to hypobaric hypoxia differentially affects physical performance and survival amongst individuals. The present study was designed to investigate the role of metabolic enzymes, antioxidants and bioenergetics molecular markers in the differential hypoxic tolerance of animals exposed to acute hypobaric hypoxia and the effect of herbal supplementation in augmentation of hypoxia tolerance. Adult rats were categorized as susceptible (<10 min), normal (10-25 min) and tolerant (>25min) on the basis of time taken for onset of gasping when exposed to a simulated altitude of 9754 m (~205 mm Hg). Animals susceptible to hypoxic stress showed significantly higher levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, concomitant with lower endogenous antioxidants viz. superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels. These groups of animals also showed increased lactate dehydrogenase activity. Conversely, tolerant animals displayed enhanced antioxidants (SOD, CAT and GSH), citrate synthase (CS) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activities. Hypobaric hypoxia up-regulated the expression of key signaling proteins involved in energy metabolism viz. hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), AMP-activated protein kinase-α (AMPKα) and glucose transporter4...
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Posted by admin on Nov 30, 2015 in |
The present study evaluates antidiabetic effect of A. indica leaf extract (AILE) and A. indica bark extract (AIBE) on antioxidant enzymes in the brain of alloxan diabetic rats and compared with insulin treatment. The oral effective dose of A. indica leaf (500mg/Kg body weight) and A. indica bark (100mg/Kg body weight) was given once daily for 21days to separate groups of diabetic rats. At the end of the experimental period, blood glucose levels and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) were measured in cytosolic fraction of whole brain. Lipid peroxidation levels were measured in the blood plasma and brain of all the treated diabetic groups. Diabetic rats showed high blood glucose (p<0.01). Decreased activities of SOD, CAT, G-6-PD (p<0.05) and increased activity of GPx, GR were observed in diabetic rats brain. Diabetic controls showed significant increase in MDA level in brain tissue (p<0.05). Treatment with insulin, AILE and AIBE restored the above altered parameters close to the control...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2015 in |
Glibenclamide is an oral anti-hyperglycemic agent designed intended for the management of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). In certain conditions conventional drug release pattern is not suitable similar to Diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and many more diseases, this present study has taken a challenge to formulate controlled release microspheres by using different polymers. An effort has been given to prepare controlled release microspheres along with Ethyl cellulose, Eudragit RS/RL100 and Methocel K15, 100M by using non-aqueous emulsion solvent evaporation method. UV-Spectrophotometric was applied to assay the drug content and in vitro dissolution studies according to USP paddle method and was carried out in Phosphate Buffer (pH 7.4) for 8 hours. The in-vitro release kinetics was studied in different mathematical release models. The best data fitted with the highest correlation coefficient (R2) for microspheres was obtained for Korsmeyer release model. The maximum and minimum release of drug was observed 90.99% and 71.98%. Percent of Actual drug entrapment varied from 7.89% to 15.36% and percent of Drug entrapment efficacy varied from 69.23%...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2015 in |
β-lactams have been widely used as antibiotics for treatment of nosocomial and community acquired infections for the last five decades. Under selective pressure from the extensive use of cephalosporins in 1980s and 1990s, many bacteria have emerged as resistant against these antibiotics. The resistance to β-lactam antibiotics can be due to any of the following three mechanisms i.e. decreased accumulation of the drugs by bacterial cell, hydrolysis of the antibiotics by β-lactamases (βL) and alterations in penicillin binding proteins that reduce their affinity for the drug. WHO has repeatedly warned for a growing emergence of bacterial antibiotic resistance. The consequences of drug resistance include higher mortality and morbidity. Hence there is a need to search for new alternative antimicrobial agents with fewer side effects. In the current study, we have checked the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of ten traditionally used medicinal plants against β-lactam resistant bacteria isolated from urinary tract infected (UTI) patients. We have also proposed phytochemicals extracted from medicinal plants as potential antibacterials and investigation of inhibition...
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Posted by admin on Oct 31, 2015 in |
Objective: The anti-parkinson’s potential of the formulations containing roots of Withania somnifera family Solanaceae, leaves of Ocimum sanctum family Lamiaceae, and rhizome of Curcuma longa family Zingiberaceae, was investigated in reserpine and haloperidol induced parkinson’s model. Materials and Methods: Parkinson’s was produced by Reserpine and Haloperidol administration (1mg/kg i.p and 1mg/kg i.p. respectively). Formulation (300 mg/kg orally) was administered as pretreatment for 14 days. The animals were evaluated for Behavioral and Locomotors activity. Results: Pretreatment with the formulations significantly (P < 0.01) protected the catalepsy, rigidity from the toxic effects of reserpine and haloperidol. The hydroalcoholic extract formulation of Ashwagandha, Tulsi and Haldi was assigned to class 5 (LD50> 2000mg/kg), were recommended by OECD. Conclusion: These results suggest an anti-parkinson’s effect of formulations due to its nerve tonic, &increases in dopamine...
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