Posted by admin on Oct 1, 2011 in |
The present study was conducted to assess the anti-inflammatory, analgesic and cytotoxic properties of 50% ethanol extract of the stem bark of Terminalia arjuna plant on laboratory animal. In vitro cytotoxicity test was studied by Brine Shrimp Lethality Bioassay and results illustrated significant (p<0.05) cytotoxicity against A. salina, that were expressed as LC50. Terminalia arjuna ethanol extract showed brine shrimp cytotoxicity with lethal concentration 50 (LC50) value of 50.11μg/ml. Carrageenan-induced paw edema method was done to study the anti-inflammatory effect and it was found that T. arjuna can be effective in acute inflammatory disorders and in that case it showed significant result (p<0.001) with both of the 250mg/kg and 500mg/kg dose level. The extract was also used to evaluate the centrally acting analgesic potential using formalin, hot plate and peripheral pharmacological actions using acetic acid induced writhing test in mice. The extract of the plant were found to have significant (p<0.01; p<0.001) analgesic activity at the oral dose of 250 & 500mg/kg body weight, in the tested models. In...
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Posted by admin on Oct 1, 2011 in |
The powdered leaf of Vernonia galamensis (Asteraceae) is a herbal drug used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus in folk medicine in northern Nigeria. The crude aqueous extract of the leaves is deliquescent and usually stored in airtight desiccators. Efforts to use common diluents such as lactose, starch, and magnesium carbonate for tablet formulation of the extract produced tablets with defects such as “sticking” and “picking”. The purpose of this study was to use the Heckel and Kawakita equations to investigate the compressibility of the granules of the deliquescent crude extract of Vernonia galamensis prepared using gelatin a universally accepted pharmaceutical binder and selected efflorescent pharmaceutical diluents namely; Aerosil® 200, Avicel® PH 103 and calcium phosphate. The Kawakita model provided an excellent fit having higher R2 values than the Heckel model. The very low PK values of the Kawakita (indicating good fluidity) for all the different formulations made it preferable in explaining the compressibility of granules of the extract. The ranking for good compressibility based on the diluent type...
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Posted by admin on Oct 1, 2011 in |
Nanoemulsions are submicron sized emulsions that are under investigation as drug carriers for improving the delivery of therapeutic agents. These are the thermodynamically stable isotropic system in which two immiscible liquids are mixed to form a single phase by means of appropriate surfactant and cosurfactant. Nanoemulsion droplet sizes fall typically in the range of 20-200nm and shows narrow size distribution. In this review attention is focused to give the brief regarding formulation aspect, method of preparation characterization techniques, evaluation parameters and various application of the nanoemulsions, several techniques are to be used for preparation of nanoemulsions like microfluidization, high pressure homogenization, low energy emulsification and solvent evaporation method and parameter that are to be used for its characterization like droplet size analysis ,viscosity determination, drug content, refractive index, pH, zeta potential, Transmission electron microscopy, thermal stability, release and in vitro skin permeation study. These are applicable in drug...
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Posted by admin on Sep 1, 2011 in |
Zidovudine is the first approved compound for the treatment of HIV; however the main limitation to therapeutic effectiveness of Zidovudine is its dose dependent toxicity, short biological half-life and poor bioavailability. Thus, to overcome the problem the gastroretentive floating drug delivery system is developed. Floating drug delivery system is a low density system which have capacity to remain buoyant on gastric fluid in the stomach without affecting gastric emptying rate for prolonged period of time. The objective of present investigation was to developed hollow microsphere drug delivery system of Zidovudine using Eudragit S100 as polymer by novel O/W emulsification solvent diffusion technique. The hollow microspheres was evaluated for in-vitro buoyancy, micromeritic properties, particle size, percentage yield, entrapment efficiency, drug-polymer compatibility, scanning electron microscopy and in-vitro drug release. The prepared hollow microspheres were floated more than 12hrs on 0.1N HCl. The percentage yield and entrapment efficiency were found to be in range of 86.66% to 52.22% and 86.60% to 72.9%, respectively. The hollow microspheres were found to be regular in...
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Posted by admin on Feb 1, 2011 in |
Plants have traditionally provided a source of hope for novel drug compounds, as plant herbal mixtures have made large contributions to human health and well-being. We report in this work for the first time, the potent antibacterial activity of Punica granatum and its wild form daru. Ethanol, petroleum ether and distilled water extract of fruit’s white membrane were screened for in vitro activity against four dental bacteria- Streptococcus sp., Lactobacillus sp., Staphylococcus sp. and Proteus sp. This plant was selected due to its traditional use for the treatment of oral infections. Among three tested extracts ethanol extract was the most effective against all the four dental...
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